Themed collection Graphene Turns 15: Bio-implications and Bio-applications

Complex antibacterial mechanisms of graphene oxide and carbon dots.

The impact of graphene oxide biomolecular corona on blood components.

The most significant routes associated with occupational exposure to graphene-based materials (GBMs) are the inhalation, cutaneous, ocular and oral ones. The manuscript presents a review of the in vivo toxicity data of GBMs after these exposure routes.

A schematic illustration of the fabrication strategies and applications of 3D-GPNCs is shown.

Graphene nanomaterials (GMs), such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have been widely applied in various fields.

Recent progress in the use of graphene and its derivatives as versatile templates for materials synthesis and functional applications has been elaborately demonstrated, and perspectives on potential future challenges and opportunities in this research area are discussed.

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society.

Graphene–silicon-on-insulator (GSOI) photodetectors for high-speed free space light detection.

This work demonstrates a design approach which enables the fabrication of fully integrated radio frequency (RF) and millimetre-wave frequency direct-conversion graphene receivers by adapting the frontend architecture to exploit the state-of-the-art performance of the recently reported wafer-scale CVD metal–insulator–graphene (MIG) diodes.

We report a single device operated in two modes with enough potentiation states to mimic the synaptic learning behaviors.

Polymer solar cells with an efficiency of 4.2% have been fabricated on properly functionalized and laser-patterned CVD-graphene used as electrode.

We demonstrate the formation of a micro-roll for neuron encapsulation with a self-folding graphene/parylene-C bilayer film, and show the importance of using pores on the micro-roll to allow the encapsulated neurons to interact with the surroundings.

Primary lymphocytes ensure their efficient function and maintenance through different mechanisms including autophagy. Few layer graphene does not affect either the viability and activation or the autophagic activity of B and T cells.

The dynamics of optically excited carriers in graphene is resolved in time, momentum and space revealing the interplay of diffusion and scattering processes.

GO trapping reduces mycobacteria entry in macrophages when the bacilli are in the external environment: a possible therapeutic strategy for tuberculosis.

The ambipolarity of graphene is exploited to realize a new class of electronic oscillators by integrating a graphene field-effect transistor with Si CMOS logic.

Multilayer graphene can be used to detect volatile organic compounds, with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity through surface patterning.

We demonstrate a high-speed chemical vapor deposited graphene-on-silicon nitride waveguide photodetector.

A DNAzyme made of guanine-rich DNA and hemin is capable of degrading graphene oxide sheets in the presence of hydrogen peroxide similarly to the natural enzyme horseradish peroxidase.

The superelastic aerogels can withstand a loading of 100 000 N for 60 min and retain their substantial elastic resilience. This loading corresponds to an ultimate compressive stress of approximately 1000 MPa and a strain of 99.8%.

The 2D mode of graphene exhibits significant frequency discrepancies between its Stokes and anti-Stokes components, making it possible to probe the nonlinear phonon dispersion of the iTO branch near K.

Graphene based nanomaterials induce a reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial depolarization, caused by the activation of NADH dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase.

A workflow for evaluation of human and environmental toxicity of nanosized bare graphene material intended as a motorcar lubricant nanoadditive.

Displaying a strain-dependent electrical response, the porous graphene-based nanocomposite ‘G-foam’ was found to be an effective pressure sensor and sensitive impact-sensing material.

Super-elastic strain sensors based on rGO/DI feature impressively high performance and can distinguish between compressive and tensile deformation.

A multifunctional, wearable sensor based on a rGO/IOAC film has been developed and can perform simultaneous monitoring of human motions and sweat.

GO-PEG-PEI nanocarrier, which was constructed for the delivery of high-molecular-weight Cas9/sgRNA complexes for executing endocytosis, endosomal escape, nuclear entry, and gene editing.

Graphene oxide (GO) undergoes neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) dependent degradation and the degradation products are non-genotoxic for human lung cells.

A new hybrid electrode for foldable devices based on graphene mesh structures showed extreme flexibility without breakdown after 100 000 cycles.

A novel structure enables Li–S batteries to display large-capacity, high-rate and long-life at an ultra-high areal sulfur loading.

The relationship between the functionalities of graphene-based nanocarriers and their intracellular drug release characteristics was carefully investigated in this paper.

A high-performance actuator should be able to deliver large-shape deformations, fast actuations and sensitive responses to multiple stimuli.

Surface plasmon polaritons enable light concentration within subwavelength regions, and here we demonstrate efficient and compact graphene-plasmonic modulators fully integrated in the silicon-on-insulator platform.

A flexible tactile sensor using single layer graphene that can detect surface texture based on a single sensor architecture.

Novel pH-responsive fluorescent graphene quantum dots were synthesized for robust and universal solid tumor detection.

A detailed comparison of the reduction products of graphite oxide and those of graphene oxide for Li⁺/Na⁺ storage has been discussed.