Themed collection Drinking water oxidation and disinfection processes

Guest editors Tom Bond, Wenhai Chu, Urs von Gunten and Maria José Farré introduce the Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology themed issue on drinking water oxidation and disinfection processes.

This article discusses the removal of disinfection by-product precursors in Scottish Water treatment works.

Unprecedented ˙OH-dependent intrinsic chemiluminescence (CL) can be produced during the AOPs-mediated degradation of highly toxic haloaromatics (XAr), and a new CL analytical method was developed to measure XAr and monitor their degradation kinetics.

This review focuses on the in vivo bioassays of disinfected wastewater effluents with respect to aquatic organisms in order to provide an insight into further studies on the ecotoxicological effects.

The reaction kinetics and mechanisms of ClO₂ reactions with inorganic and organic compounds are overviewed.

TOX can be used as an indicator for regulated DBP concentrations in, and toxicity of, disinfected waters.

This study investigated the reaction kinetics on the oxidative transformation of lead(II) minerals by free chlorine (HOCl) and free bromine (HOBr) in drinking water distribution systems.

Granular activated carbon effectively controlled disinfection byproduct formation and calculated toxicity, especially at high influent bromide levels.

Decentralized direct potable reuse systems present new opportunities for resilient and sustainable facilities of the future, but potential risks must be studied carefully using advanced methods that consider potential toxicity from known and unknown oxidation byproducts.

Water pollution due to emerging contaminants is a topic that should be researched to a greater extent because of the ignorance of adverse effects these pollutants may have on living beings.

Dead end membrane operation maximizes O₃ dissolution.

Chlorine dioxide reacts with electron-rich moieties of NOM, such as phenols, to form different inorganic products. The yields of inorganic products depend on the moieties and help to identify the pathway.

On-site demonstration tests evaluated 1,4-dioxane removal in reverse osmosis permeate (RO permeate) at the Orange County Water District (OCWD) Advanced Water Purification Facility (AWPF).

Municipal wastewater discharges after secondary biological treatment (e.g., the activated sludge (AS) process) are a major potential source of N-nitrosamine precursors which may impact downstream source water quality.

Emerging electrochemical systems, such as advanced electro-oxidation, provide a potentially powerful alternative to conventional oxidation processes which can often be unsuitable for small, remote and decentralised system applications.

A novel, non-suppressed ion chromatography-mass spectrometry method enables rapid analysis of all regulated oxyhalides at sub-μg L⁻¹ levels in natural waters and waters subjected to chlorination and sunlight/chlorine advanced oxidation.

The challenge of providing good quality reclaimed water free from contaminants of emerging concern, even at small concentrations, i.e., microcontaminants (MCs) and pathogens are main hot topics worldwide.

Pre-oxidation is commonly used to mitigate the formation of byproducts during post-disinfection.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in complex water matrix can be detected reliably by ion chromatography (IC) due to its superior separation ability.

Peracetic acid pre-oxidation of algal impacted waters can reduce formation of trihalomethanes but promote formation of haloacetonitriles, due to the degradation of dissolved organic matter and coincident release of intracellular organic matter.

TOCl, TOBr and TOI concentrations were quantified quarterly at 11 US drinking water treatment plants and distribution systems.

Antibiotics are frequently detected in water, which can pose a great threat to human health.

Pre-chlorination can eliminate N,N-dimethylhydrazine-type ozone–NDMA precursors, which is useful for controlling NDMA in drinking water ozonation.

Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry revealed substantial dissolved organic matter changes and the formation of numerous bromine-containing disinfection by-products during the seawater desalination process.

A simple, fast, highly-sensitive and selective method for the simultaneous determination of 13 haloacetic acids and dalapon in water was developed and applied to evaluate two strategies to control the concentrations of the target analytes in water.

Residual organics in cationic polymer contribute disproportionately to NDMA formation, but can be removed through polymer purification.

Soil aquifer treatment significantly decreased the SA concentration in recharged synthetic water and aerobic biodegradation played a great role.

Pharmaceuticals removal by photocatalytic ozonation: evaluation of radiation fluence, GO content and GO–TiO₂ dosage synergies in ultrapure water photocatalytic ozonation. Two reaction kinetic periods proposed for wastewater photocatalytic ozonation.

Formation and sorption of trihalomethanes (THMs) occurs in chlorinated waters exposed to cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes, impacting water quality in building plumbing.

The ozonation of 90 chemically diverse organic micropollutants (OMPs) including four classes of illicit drugs and their metabolites was studied in pure buffered water, tap water and wastewater effluent at three specific ozone doses and three pH levels.

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water have been associated with increased cancer risk but effects of known DBPs cannot explain the mixture effects of disinfected water samples.

For the first time, response surface methodology has been used to optimize the adsorption process of chlorite and chlorate by MIEX.

In vitro bioassays indicative of different modes of action demonstrate the high quality of produced drinking water.