Themed collection 150th Anniversary Collection: Electrochemistry and Electroanalytical Approaches
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Impact electrochemistry for biosensing: advances and future directions
This minireview summarizes the recent advancements in impact electrochemistry-based biosensing over the past two to three years and provides insights into the future directions of this field.
Analyst, 2024,149, 2498-2506
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00170B
Machine learning and chemometrics for electrochemical sensors: moving forward to the future of analytical chemistry
This minireview introduces the principles and recent applications of machine learning and experimental designs in developing and improving electrochemical sensors.
Analyst, 2021,146, 6351-6364
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN01148K
Recent advances in nanomaterial-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes
This review summarizes progress made over the past five years in the development of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) based on nanomaterials, and provides insights into the prospects for this field.
Analyst, 2024,149, 3694-3710
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00334A
A review of electrochemical impedance as a tool for examining cell biology and subcellular mechanisms: merits, limits, and future prospects
Herein the development of cellular impedance biosensors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the general principles and terms associated with the cell–electrode interface is reviewed.
Analyst, 2024,149, 269-289
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AN01423A
Paving the way towards continuous biosensing by implementing affinity-based nanoswitches on state-dependent readout platforms
Combining affinity-based nanoswitches with state-dependent readout platforms allows for continuous biosensing and acquisition of real-time information about biochemical processes occurring in the environment of interest.
Analyst, 2022,147, 1006-1023
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN02308J
Single-particle spectroelectrochemistry: electrochemical tuning of plasmonic properties via mercury amalgamation in mesoporous silica coated gold nanorods without structural deformation
This paper presented the possibility of the in situ tuning of the LSPR properties of AuNRs@mSiO2 by Hg deposition via electrochemical potential manipulations without the disturbance of the structural variations of AuNR cores.
Analyst, 2022,147, 2035-2039
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN00559J
Plasma-treated gold microelectrodes for subsecond detection of Zn(II) with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry
O2-plasma treated gold microelectrodes enable sensitive and selective detection of Zn(II) with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Analyst, 2024, Advance Article
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00307A
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Development of a flow system for decentralized electrochemical analysis of heavy metals using screen-printed electrodes: the importance of sensor stability
Aim: obtain a field-deployable portable box for the online detection of heavy metals in water through an automatable software-assisted procedure and square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry.
Analyst, 2024,149, 4239-4249
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00616J
Gold film deposition by infrared laser photothermal treatment on 3D-printed electrodes: electrochemical performance enhancement and application
Deposition of a nanostructured gold film on the surface of 3D-printed electrodes by infrared laser photothermal treatment for non-enzymatic glucose detection.
Analyst, 2024,149, 3900-3909
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00669K
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Remediate and sense: alginate beads empowered by portable electrochemical strips for copper ion removal and detection at environmental sites
The combination of portable electrochemical strip, alginate spheres and 3D-printing architecture is able to remediate and sense polluted area at the point of need.
Analyst, 2024,149, 3302-3308
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00494A
Functionalized orthopaedic implant as pH electrochemical sensing tool for smart diagnosis of hardware infection
Herein, we demonstrate a new strategy to use an orthopaedic implant functionalized with iridium oxide film as the working electrode for the potentiometric monitoring of pH in hardware infection diagnosis.
Analyst, 2024,149, 3085-3096
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00253A
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Transient theory for scanning electrochemical microscopy of biological membrane transport: uncovering membrane–permeant interactions
The finte element simulation predicts that interactions of a biological membrane with a permeant can be determined quantitatively by employing transient scanning electrochemical microscopy to discriminate between one-step and two-step transport.
Analyst, 2024,149, 3115-3122
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00411F
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Resistive pulse analysis of chiral amino acids utilizing metal–amino acid crystallization differences
Here, we report a proof-of-concept resistive pulse method for analyzing chiral amino acids utilizing metal–amino acid crystallization differences.
Analyst, 2024,149, 3108-3114
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00347K
Spectroelectrochemical determination of thiolate self-assembled monolayer adsorptive stability in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes
The stable potential window (SPW) is the potential range that an electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) can operate without desorbing the SAM. Here we introduce SPWs for aromatic SAMs at Au.
Analyst, 2024,149, 2842-2854
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00241E
Modulating the ion-transfer electrochemistry of perfluorooctanoate with serum albumin and β-cyclodextrin
The ion transfer current of perfluorooctanoate is modulated by its binding with BSA or β-cyclodextrin, enabling characterisation of those complexes.
Analyst, 2024,149, 2647-2654
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AN02164E
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Towards voltammetric point of care detection of leucovorin
Current healthcare trends have moved towards personalised precision medicine to tailor treatments to the individual in response to diseases and disease therapies. This reflects our electrochemical approach to monitoring leucovorin.
Analyst, 2024,149, 2655-2663
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00227J
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticle-microspots on the mechanical properties of single bacteria
AFM force spectroscopy is used to study the effects of electrochemically deposited silver nanoparticle-microspots on E. coli at the single-cell level. Optimization of the electrodeposition was conducted via scanning electrochemical cell microscopy.
Analyst, 2024,149, 2637-2646
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00174E
HFM-Tracker: a cell tracking algorithm based on hybrid feature matching
A novel cell tracking algorithm, named HFM-Tracker (Hybrid Feature Matching Tracker), is proposed to accurately track the migratory behavior of cells through the capture of time-lapse cell images.
Analyst, 2024,149, 2629-2636
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00199K
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Considerations for dual barrel electrode fabrication and experimentation
New electrochemical probes offer the opportunity to investigate new systems. In this work, we provide a guide for how to fabricate dual barrel, Pt disk electrodes. We include data and procedures for characterizing and troubleshooting the electrodes.
Analyst, 2024,149, 2180-2189
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AN01969A
Covalently attached ionophores extend the working range of potentiometric pH sensors with poly(decyl methacrylate) sensing membranes
Photopolymerization binds H+ ionophores covalently to poly(decyl methacrylate) sensing membranes of ion-selective electrodes. The membranes are at the same time covalently attached to the underlying inert polymer and the nanographite solid contact.
Analyst, 2024,149, 1132-1140
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AN02047A
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Electrochemical treatment in KOH improves carbon nanomaterial performance to multiple neurochemicals
KOH treatment improves CFME and CNTYME sensitivity to five bioactive neurochemicals. The treatment etches and adds oxygen functional groups to the surface of the CFME, and it creates crevices and adds oxygen functional groups to the CNTYME.
Analyst, 2024,149, 457-466
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AN01710A
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Rapid sub-nanomolar protein determination in serum using electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers (E-MIPs)
Electropolymerized MIP (E-MIP) on disposable electrode for rapid and quantitative sub-nanomolar protein determination in serum using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Simple and rapid KD determination for E-MIP.
Analyst, 2023,148, 5476-5485
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AN01498C
A vertically paired electrode for redox cycling and its application to immunoassays
An electrochemical immunoassay based on the redox cycling method was presented using vertically paired electrodes (VPEs), which were fabricated using PEDOT:PSS as an electrode material and parylene-C as a dielectric layer.
Analyst, 2023,148, 1349-1361
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN01648F
The enhancement of enzyme cascading via tetrahedral DNA framework modification
We report an enzyme conjugation method that can enhance the enzymatic activity by a tetrahedral DNA framework modification.
Analyst, 2023,148, 906-911
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN02097A
A chiral sensing platform based on a multi-substituted ferrocene–cuprous ion complex for the discrimination of electroactive amino acid isomers
An electrochemical chiral sensing platform based on a multi-substituted ferrocene–Cu+ complex is constructed for the discrimination of electroactive amino acid isomers.
Analyst, 2023,148, 919-925
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN01887J
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Os(II/III) complex supports pH-insensitive electrochemical DNA-based sensing with superior operational stability than the benchmark methylene blue reporter
This study reports an osmium-based redox reporter that enables pH-insensitive and fast DNA-based molecular sensing, offering new possibilities for the study of short-lived dynamic molecular events.
Analyst, 2023,148, 806-813
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN01901A
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to obtain quantitative three-dimensional hydrogen mapping in a nickel–metal-hydride battery cathode for interpreting its reaction distribution
A three-dimensional quantitative hydrogen distribution and state-of-charge distribution in a Ni–MH battery cathode can be acquired using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
Analyst, 2022,147, 5161-5169
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN01147F
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Exploration of defined 2-dimensional working electrode shapes through additive manufacturing
In this work, the electrochemical response of different morphologies (shapes) and dimensions of additively manufactured (3D-printing) carbon black(CB)/poly-lactic acid (PLA) electrodes are reported.
Analyst, 2022,147, 5121-5129
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN01412B
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Integrated multi-material portable 3D-printed platform for electrochemical detection of dopamine and glucose
Design and production of a one-step 3D-printed functional electrochemical biosensor for efficient detection of dopamine and glucose in low-volume samples (100 μL). Glucose detection via ruthenium-mediated amperometry provides results in 60 seconds.
Analyst, 2022,147, 4598-4606
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN00862A
Dual-mode ion-selective electrodes and distance-based microfluidic device for detection of multiple urinary electrolytes
Here, we developed a microfluidic paper device by combining ion-selective electrodes (ISE) and a distance-based paper device (dPAD) for simultaneous potentiometric and colorimetric detection of urine electrolytes including K+, Na+ and Cl−.
Analyst, 2022,147, 4517-4524
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN01220K
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Portable electroanalytical nucleic acid amplification tests using printed circuit boards and open-source electronics
We have repurposed industrial, standard printed circuit boards (PCBs) for DNA sensing and integrated them with an open-source portable potentiostat. This work paves the way towards low cost, miniaturized electronic systems for on-site testing.
Analyst, 2022,147, 4249-4256
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN00923D
Low-cost electrochemical paper-based device for exosome detection
A low-cost electrochemical paper-based analytical device was developed to quantify cancer cell-derived exosomes.
Analyst, 2022,147, 3732-3740
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN00875K
Bypassed ion-selective electrodes – self-powered polarization for tailoring of sensor performance
The bypass circuit with zinc wire induces spontaneous charge flow: oxidation of zinc and reduction of the solid contact of K-ISE. This effect is helpful in the improvement of analytical parameters of K-ISE.
Analyst, 2022,147, 2764-2772
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN00458E
Enhancing scanning electrochemical microscopy's potential to probe dynamic co-culture systems via hyperspectral assisted-imaging
Overcoming challenges associated with biological imaging by correlating hyperspectral imaging and scanning electrochemical microscopy; this powerful combination provides unambiguous determination of cell boundaries for studying cellular dynamics.
Analyst, 2022,147, 2396-2404
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN00319H
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
The application of physics-informed neural networks to hydrodynamic voltammetry
Electrochemical problems are widely studied in flowing systems since the latter offer improved sensitivity notably for electro-analysis and the possibility of steady-state measurements for fundamental studies even with macro-electrodes.
Analyst, 2022,147, 1881-1891
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AN00456A
A highly flexible Ni–Co MOF nanosheet coated Au/PDMS film based wearable electrochemical sensor for continuous human sweat glucose monitoring
The development of flexible substrate materials and nanomaterials with high electrochemical performance is of great significance for constructing efficient wearable electrochemical sensors for real-time health monitoring.
Analyst, 2022,147, 1440-1448
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN02214H
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
The laccase mediator system at carbon nanotubes for anthracene oxidation and femtomolar electrochemical biosensing
The unprecedented role of carbon nanotubes in promoting and sensing enzymatic oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by laccases enables femtomolar detection of anthracene.
Analyst, 2022,147, 897-904
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN02091A
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Polymer indicator displacement assay: electrochemical glucose monitoring based on boronic acid receptors and graphene foam competitively binding with poly-nordihydroguaiaretic acid
A poly-nordihydroguaiaretic acid film is employed as a voltammetric indicator for bound/unbound boronic acid sites to report on glucose and fructose concentration.
Analyst, 2022,147, 661-670
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN01991K
Multifunctional dendritic molecular probe for selective detection of Cu2+ ions using potentiometric and fluorometric techniques
We have designed and synthesized a multifunctional dendritic molecular probe that selectively detects Cu2+ ions via potentiometric and fluorometric techniques with low detection limits (3.5 μM in potentiometry, 15 nM in fluorometry).
Analyst, 2021,146, 7109-7117
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN01417J
Photoelectrochemical analysis of the alkaline phosphatase activity in single living cells
CdS quantum dot (QD) modified nanopipette was prepared for the PEC analysis of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in single MCF-7 cells.
Analyst, 2021,146, 5528-5532
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN01273H
Label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanoparticle/polyethyleneimine/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for the ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarker matrix metalloproteinase-1
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is associated with many types of cancers, including oral, colorectal, and brain cancers.
Analyst, 2021,146, 4066-4079
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN00537E
An electrochemical biosensor for simultaneous detection of breast cancer clinically related microRNAs based on a gold nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots/graphene oxide film
An electrochemical biosensor employing a gold nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots/graphene oxide composite modified electrode is developed for the multiplex detection of miRNA breast cancer biomarkers.
Analyst, 2021,146, 4000-4009
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN00436K
Plug-and-play assembly of paper-based colorimetric and electrochemical devices for multiplexed detection of metals
We propose a “plug-and-play” (PnP) assembly for coupling paper-based colorimetric and electrochemical devices for multiplexed detection of metals.
Analyst, 2021,146, 3463-3473
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN00176K
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Electrochemiluminescent screening for methamphetamine metabolites
The abuse of methamphetamine (MA) is to date detected and subsequently verified through the monitoring of MA and its metabolites within biological specimens.
Analyst, 2021,146, 3336-3345
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN00226K
A novel ratiometric electrochemical biosensing strategy based on T7 exonuclease-assisted homogenous target recycling coupling hairpin assembly-triggered double-signal output for the multiple amplified detection of miRNA
A novel ratiometric electrochemical biosensing strategy based on T7 exonuclease-assisted homogenous target recycling coupling hairpin assembly-triggered dual-signal output was designed for the accurate and sensitive detection of microRNA-141.
Analyst, 2021,146, 2705-2711
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN00204J
![Open Access](https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.147/content/NewImages/open-access-icon-orange.png)
Monitoring the neurotransmitter release of human midbrain organoids using a redox cycling microsensor as a novel tool for personalized Parkinson's disease modelling and drug screening
A novel dopamine targeted electrochemical detection strategy has enabled the phenotyping and non-invasive monitoring of human midbrain organoids (healthy and Parkinson's diseased), by employing a redox-cycling based microsensor.
Analyst, 2021,146, 2358-2367
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN02206C
Highly sensitive detection of DNA damage in living cells by SERS and electrochemical measurements using a flexible gold nanoelectrode
Guanine (G) oxidation products, such as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-oxo-guanine (8-OXOG), have been widely studied as promising biomarkers for DNA oxidative damage.
Analyst, 2021,146, 2321-2329
https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN00220A
Kinetics of viscoelasticity in the electric double layer following steps in the electrode potential studied by a fast electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM)
A fast EQCM measures the kinetics of the viscosity changes inside the double layer following voltage jumps.
Analyst, 2021,146, 2160-2171
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN01965H
Highly selective simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Hg(II), and Mn(II) in water samples using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices
The process for simultaneous analysis of five metal ions with one device by using Bc, PAR, DTZ, PAR, and DMG for Cu(II), Co(II), Hg(II), Mn(II), and Ni(II) detection, respectively.
Analyst, 2021,146, 2229-2239
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN02200D
Electroanalytical profiling of cocaine samples by means of an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer using benzocaine as the template molecule
Cocaine samples were ‘finger-printed’ using e-MIPs, constructed on the surface of portable SPCEs. The SWV data with suitable chemometric analysis provides valuable information about the drugs’ provenience which is crucial to tackle drug traffic.
Analyst, 2021,146, 1747-1759
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN02274H
Electroanalytical study of five carbosilane dendrimers at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions
The ITIES was used to study the interfacial behavior of 5 carbosilane dendrimers terminated with imidazolium groups. We have found that these chemical species undergo ion transfer reactions coupled to interfacial adsorption/desorption processes.
Analyst, 2021,146, 1376-1385
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN02101F
Development of an electrochemical sensor based on carbon black for the detection of cannabidiol in vegetable extracts
A glassy carbon electrode chemically modified with a carbon black coating is proposed here for the rapid and portable determination of cannabidiol (CBD) in a commercial Cannabis seed oil and in fibre-type Cannabis sativa L. leaves.
Analyst, 2021,146, 612-619
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN01932A
About this collection
Electrochemical methods bring tremendous power to analytical studies and their applications, opening up new electroanalytical approaches and technologies that help to find answers to challenging problems faced by society across health, the environment, and energy. This collection of recently-published papers has been selected to show the broad impact and high quality of electrochemistry and electroanalytical approaches as we approach Analyst’s 150th anniversary. We hope you enjoy this collection as it grows during 2024 with the addition of new papers specifically invited for this celebratory collection.
This collection is Guest Edited by Analyst Associate Editor Damien Arrigan (Curtin University, Australia), Karolien De Wael (University of Antwerp, Belgium), Jeffrey Dick (Purdue University, USA), Thiago Paixão (University of São Paulo, Brazil), Yi-Lun Ying (Nanjing University, China).