Themed collection 2023 Green Chemistry Reviews
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The need for hotspot-driven research
Environmental benefit will be greatest if we green the step causing the most harm.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 9457-9462
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC03601D
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Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES): translating cell biology to processing
This review examines the possible functional roles of liquid natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) in plants and translating it to the laboratory.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 9045-9062
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01913F
Electrochemical nitration for organic C–N bond formation: a current view on possible N-sources, mechanisms, and technological feasibility
Rethinking nitration: sustainable electrochemical C-N functionalization. This work reviews diverse inorganic nitrogen sources for fine chemical production, with a perspective on innovative pathways to harness alternative nitrogen sources' potential.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 7508-7517
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02084C
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From green to circular chemistry paved by biocatalysis
Biocatalysts raised by the green chemistry and circular chemistry principles can constitute the most important and efficient strategy for achieving many of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals launched by the UN.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 7041-7057
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01878D
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Energy crisis in Europe enhances the sustainability of green chemicals
Europe's energy crisis has made green routes for ammonia and methanol synthesis economically competitive. This presents an opportunity for Europe to lead the grand transition towards a sustainable chemical industry.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 6603-6611
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01053H
Status check: biocatalysis; its use with and without chemocatalysis. How does the fine chemicals industry view this area?
Stages of the penetration of catalytic technology and the necessity for fruitful collaboration.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 6092-6107
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01931D
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Limonene as a natural product extraction solvent
The use of natural product limonene as natural product extraction solvent offers multiple benefits that go beyond its environmentally benign nature.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 6108-6119
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02068A
Phosphorus sustainability: a case for phytic acid as a biorenewable platform
Phytic acid is a source of biogenic phosphorus that could serve as a key platform chemical in future biorefineries, helping to close the loop on the phosphorus cycle.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 5390-5403
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01421E
Recent advances in the heterogeneous photochemical synthesis of C–N bonds
Photocatalyst has been developed as an effective tool for C–N coupling due to high selectivity, mild reaction conditions and low energy comsume.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 5010-5023
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC00931A
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What does it mean that “something is green”? The fundamentals of a Unified Greenness Theory
Proposal of a general theory of greenness, connecting all chemical disciplines and not only; the description of basic concepts and relationships.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 4625-4640
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC00800B
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Using earth abundant materials for long duration energy storage: electro-chemical and thermo-chemical cycling of bicarbonate/formate
The HCO3−-HCO2− cycle, where aqueous solutions of formate salts are hydrogen and energy carriers, offers the opportunity of combining electrochemical and thermochemical operations, and of coupling CO2 capture with energy/hydrogen storage.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 4222-4233
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC00219E
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Natural multi-osmolyte cocktails form deep eutectic systems of unprecedented complexity: discovery, affordances and perspectives
Tracking osmolyte patterns in biological contexts can help design novel multicomponent deep eutectic systems, which mimic the nuanced microenvironment of biomacromolecules operating within these biological contexts.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 3398-3417
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04796A
The advanced applications of ionic liquids in new energy, electronic information materials, and biotechnologies
A comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge applications of ionic liquids in new energy, electronic information chemicals and biotechnologies.
Green Chem., 2024,26, 9048-9074
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC01519C
Salt-assisted synthesis of advanced carbon-based materials for energy-related applications
This review provides a comprehensive overview of salt assisted synthesis of carbon based materials based on the role of salts in synthesis systems. Meanwhile, the application in energy related fields is emphasized.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 10263-10303
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC03080F
The dawn of aqueous deep eutectic solvents for lignin extraction
This review addresses recent advancements in lignin extraction using ADES and underlying mechanism. Additionally, the economic and environmental sustainability is evaluated, highlighting the feasibility of industrial-scale applications in future.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 10235-10262
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC03563H
Advanced nano-bifunctional electrocatalysts in Li–air batteries for high coulombic efficiency
This article focuses on the major obstacle of sluggish ORR and OER kinetics of the cathode in LABs and reviews the main advances of the major designing principles of various nanoscale bifunctional electrocatalysts, and the relation to the enhancing OER/ORR catalytic activity.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 10182-10208
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02151C
Molten salt technique for the synthesis of carbon-based materials for supercapacitors
We provide a comprehensive review of the molten salt strategy for the preparation of carbon-based materials by highlighting the roles played by molten salts. The application of these carbons in supercapacitors is also discussed.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 10209-10234
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC03525E
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Selective demethylation reactions of biomass-derived aromatic ether polymers for bio-based lignin chemicals
Unlocking lignin potential by selective demethylation of its monomers and oligomers.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 10117-10143
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02867D
Electrochemical cascade reactions: an account of recent developments for this modern strategic tool in the arsenal of chemical synthesis
The electrochemical cascade process majorly satisfies the essential criteria of green synthesis. Being an Integrated synthetic strategy it can produce more molecules in a shorter time and thus provides a modern strategic tool in the arsenal of synthetic chemists.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 10144-10181
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01760E
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CO2-derived non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) and their potential applications
Using CO2 as feedstock to fabricate valuable products has become essential to green and sustainable chemistry and represents a rewarding challenge.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 9574-9602
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02796A
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Electrochemical hydrogen production: sustainable hydrogen economy
The development of sustainable energy technologies has received considerable attention to meet increasing global energy demands and to realise organisational goals (e.g., United Nations, the Paris Agreement) of carbon neutrality.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 9543-9573
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02849F
Role of fungal enzymes in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important scaffolds: a green approach
Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that play an essential role in the biosphere.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 9463-9500
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02384B
Review and perspectives on carbon-based electrocatalysts for the production of H2O2via two-electron oxygen reduction
As a versatile and environmentally friendly chemical, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is in high demand.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 9501-9542
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02856A
Future bioenergy source by microalgae–bacteria consortia: a circular economy approach
Future sustainable approach of bioenergy production that uses microalgae–bacteria consortium to produce bioelectricity and biofuel for industrial and daily activities.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 8935-8949
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02228E
A review on green and sustainable carbon anodes for lithium ion batteries: utilization of green carbon resources and recycling waste graphite
Sustainable and effective methods for green synthesis of carbon anodes for lithium-ion batteries is reviewed in this work.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 8950-8969
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC03078D
Stimuli-cleavable moiety enabled vinyl polymer degradation and emerging applications
This review delves into degradable vinyl polymers with stimuli-cleavable moieties, their chemistry, mechanisms, and applications in environmental remediation, drug delivery, advanced functional materials, and surface modification.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 8903-8934
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC03086E
Bio-based platform chemicals synthesized from lignin biorefinery
Bio-based chemicals synthesized by lignin offer a promising pathway of bioenergy utilization to achieve the target of the Paris Agreement with <2 °C of climate warming temperature.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 8970-9000
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02927A
Deep eutectic solvents as a versatile platform toward CO2 capture and utilization
Deep eutectic solvents provide a versatile platform for CO2 capture and subsequent conversion into value-added chemicals.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 8328-8348
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02468G
Research progress in electrochemical/photochemical utilization of methanol as a C1 source
This review highlights the recent advances in various electrochemical and photochemical reactions using methanol as a sustainable C1 source.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 8313-8327
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02106H
When nanocellulose meets hydrogels: the exciting story of nanocellulose hydrogels taking flight
By revealing the intrinsic link between the inherent advantages of nanocellulose and hydrogels, we highlight the applications of nanocellulose hydrogels in medical treatment, electricity, sensor, environmental governance, food, and agriculture.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 8349-8384
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01829F
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Physico-chemical challenges on the self-assembly of natural and bio-based ingredients on hair surfaces: towards sustainable haircare formulations
Polymers and surfactants are used in many technological and industrial applications such as the manufacture of functional materials and coatings, personal care and pharmaceutical products, food science, paints or tertiary oil recover.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 7863-7882
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02763E
Research status, opportunities, and challenges of cobalt phosphate based materials as OER electrocatalysts
Cobalt phosphate (CoPi) based material has attracted great attention due to its low cost, good stability, high catalytic activity, and redox properties. This review presents the recent advances of CoPi in OER process.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 7883-7903
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02416D
Sacrifice and valorization of biomass to realize energy exploitation and transformation in a photoelectrochemical way
The mechanism, substrate transformation, photoelectrodes, and configurations of photoelectrochemistry (PEC) of biomass are reviewed, different from PEC water splitting, photocatalysis, or electrocatalysis.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 7843-7862
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01934A
Recent progress in the electrochemical selenofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes
The recent advances on the electrochemical selenofunctionalization of unsaturated C–C bonds were comprehensively summarized in this review.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 7485-7507
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02546B
Carbon materials for hybrid evaporation-induced electricity generation systems
The most recent developments in carbon materials for hybrid evaporation-induced electricity generation systems are discussed in detail and analyzed in depth.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 7470-7484
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02805D
Recent advancements in supramolecular macrocycles for two-dimensional membranes for separations
This review summarizes recent advancements of 2D supramolecular membranes for separations. This topic can provide new insights on developing 2D supramolecular membranes with high selectivity, mild flux, good stability and appreciable reversibility.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 7026-7040
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01996A
Recent advances in plastic recycling and upgrading under mild conditions
This review summarizes the emerging advanced technologies including bio-, photo-, electro-, and low-temperature thermocatalysis for recycling and upgrading of waste plastics under mild conditions.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 6949-6970
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01872E
A review of water splitting via mixed ionic–electronic conducting (MIEC) membrane reactors
Coupling catalytic water splitting with a mixed ionic–electronic conducting (MIEC) membrane reactor has been demonstrated as a very promising approach to enhance the hydrogen production rate by extracting the oxygen produced.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 6930-6948
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01925J
An overview on the recycling of waste poly(vinyl chloride)
The environmental threat of waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is growing. But the unique chemical structure of PVC makes its recycling itself have the ability to cause environmental harm. More advanced recycling processes are required.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 6971-7025
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02585C
Combined pyro-hydrometallurgical technology for recovering valuable metal elements from spent lithium-ion batteries: a review of recent developments
A combined pyro-metallurgical process with green chemistry principles for the recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries is reviewed.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 6561-6580
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01077E
Functional carbon dots derived from biomass and plastic wastes
The preparation methods, formation mechanism, properties and applications of functional carbon dots derived from biomass and plastic wastes are reported.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 6581-6602
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01763J
Shining light on layered metal phosphosulphide catalysts for efficient water electrolysis: preparation, promotion strategies, and perspectives
This review summarizes the design, preparation and promotion strategies of layered metal phosphosulphide-based electrocatalysts for water splitting; future perspectives and challenges are also briefly discussed.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 6170-6187
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01806G
2D layered materials: structures, synthesis, and electrocatalytic applications
We review the synthesis, structure and electrochemical applications of 2D nanomaterials, with particular emphasis on the relationship between their structure and catalytic activity.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 6149-6169
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01822A
Ionic liquids membranes for liquid separation: status and challenges
The exciting research activities in the fields of ionic liquid membranes (ILMs) for liquid separation are reviewed, covering the preparation strategy, applicability, transport mechanism, and future perspectives.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 5813-5835
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01533E
Progress in the biosynthesis of bio-based PET and PEF polyester monomers
This critical review covers advances in the preparation of the important polyester monomers terephthalic acid (TPA), 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), and ethylene glycol (EG), with particular focus on biocatalytic approaches.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 5836-5857
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC00104K
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Cellulose processing in ionic liquids from a materials science perspective: turning a versatile biopolymer into the cornerstone of our sustainable future
The past two decades have seen fruitful efforts in shaping cellulose into functional materials using ionic liquids. This Tutorial Review aims at providing guidance from a materials science perspective to stimulate more research in this field.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 5338-5389
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04730F
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Ionic liquids as a new cornerstone to support hydrogen energy
This work reviewed how ionic liquids support hydrogen energy technologies for production, storage and utilization.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 4981-4994
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01003A
Lignin-enhanced wet strength of cellulose-based materials: a sustainable approach
Cellulose is the most abundant renewable polymer resource in nature and cellulose-based materials are expected to serve as viable replacements to petroleum-based plastic products.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 4995-5009
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC01505J
Heterogeneity in enzyme/metal–organic framework composites for CO2 transformation reactions
Heterogeneity benefits enzyme/MOF design. In this review, our perspective on the research challenges and future directions for biocatalytic CO2 conversion using MOF-based biocatalysts are discussed.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 4196-4221
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04682B
Green materials with promising applications: cyclodextrin-based deep eutectic supramolecular polymers
Binary DESPs and ternary DESPs are used for the separation of target compounds and as efficient adhesive materials.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 4180-4195
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC00489A
Waste to wealth: direct utilization of spent materials for electrocatalysis and energy storage
We summarize the direct utilization of versatile waste sources in various electrocatalysis and energy storage systems in view of synthetic strategies, structural properties, electrochemical performance and the challenges and prospects.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 3816-3846
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC00323J
Designing electrocatalysts for seawater splitting: surface/interface engineering toward enhanced electrocatalytic performance
Schematic illustration of interface/surface engineering strategies with various effective approaches for high-performance HER/OER electrocatalysts in seawater.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 3767-3790
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC03377A
Sustainable production of active pharmaceutical ingredients from lignin-based benzoic acid derivatives via “demand orientation”
Catalytic production of several representative active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from lignin.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 3791-3815
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC00241A
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Biocatalytic amide bond formation
The state-of-the-art of biocatalytic amide bond formation is discussed with the help of a manually curated database of enzymatic amidation reactions.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 2958-2970
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC00456B
Salt-thermal methods for recycling and regenerating spent lithium-ion batteries: a review
The state-of-the-art salt-thermal method to recycle spent LIBs enables preferential Li recovery, recovery of anode/cathode material, direct regeneration of degraded anode/cathode material, and one-step re-synthesis of advanced functional materials.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 2992-3015
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04620B
Retrosynthesis from transforms to predictive sustainable chemistry and nanotechnology: a brief tutorial review
Retrosynthesis is a tool initially developed to simplify the planning of the synthesis of organic molecules. With the progress of computer-aided synthesis design (CASD), its development will be predictive green and sustainable CASD.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 2971-2991
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04750K
The dialkylcarbonate route to ionic liquids: purer, safer, greener?
The synthesis of ionic liquids can generate large amounts of waste and use toxic or expensive raw materials.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 2541-2558
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04065D
Advances in S–N bond formation via electrochemistry: a green route utilizing diverse sulfur and nitrogen sources
This review summarizes recent advances in S–N bond formation via electrochemistry from diverse sulfur and nitrogen sources to valuable sulfur–nitrogen-bond-containing compounds, such as sulfenamides, sulfinamides, sulfonamides, sulfoximines, isothiazoles and thiadiazoles.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 2524-2540
https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC00175J
Lignin as a green and multifunctional alternative to phenol for resin synthesis
The substitution of phenol by lignin not only reduces the feedstock cost of resin synthesis but also improves the resin's physicochemical properties and endues the resin with new functions.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 2241-2261
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04319J
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Selective oxidation of biomass-derived carbohydrate monomers
The article discusses the potential production processes for glucaric acid, and the efforts to develop more sustainable oxidation practices for its production, with a focus on the strengths and weaknesses of each method.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 2220-2240
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04623G
Toxicological data bank bridges the gap between environmental risk assessment and green organic chemical design in One Health world
This review aims to introduce the rich applications of chemical toxicological data for environmental risk assessment and green chemical design by illustrating referable examples or cases. Further, we present a comprehensive toxicology databank.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 2170-2219
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC03973G
Recent developments of MXene-based catalysts for hydrogen production by water splitting
In the application of electrolytic water splitting, MXenes can achieve performance optimization by doping, surface functional group regulation, construction of defect/vacancy, 3D/porous structure, or compounding with other materials.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 1749-1789
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC04205C
Graphitic carbon nitride-based nanostructures as emergent catalysts for carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation
This is the first review that emphasizes the engineering of carbon nitride-based catalysts for thermal, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical CO oxidation reactions experimentally and theoretically.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 1276-1310
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC02748H
The functional and synergetic optimization of the thermal-catalytic system for the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-diformylfuran: a review
The latest design and development of thermal-catalytic strategies are sorted based on the active species and types of catalysts. The ongoing challenge and opportunities have been concluded.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 893-914
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC03953B
Addressing the CO2 challenge through thermocatalytic hydrogenation to carbon monoxide, methanol and methane
Addressing the CO2 challenge is mandatory for the well-being of Earth's ecosystem and humanity. CO2 catalytic hydrogenation is a suitable solution.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 490-521
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC02900F
From non-conventional ideas to multifunctional solvents inspired by green chemistry: fancy or sustainable macromolecular chemistry?
The review teach the reader how the use of an unconventional polymerization medium not only as scientific fantasy designed to validate an established concept but also as a viable tool for the sustainable development of macromolecular chemistry.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 522-542
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC03558H
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Review of high-performance sustainable polymers in additive manufacturing
This review evaluates the current state of sustainable polymers in additive manufacturing with a focus on higher performance capabilities.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 453-466
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC03474C
Marine chitin upcycling with immobilized chitinolytic enzymes: current state and prospects
Immobilized chitinase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidases, chitin deacetylases and chitosanases enable ecofriendly enzymic conversion of chitin and its derivative, chitosan, into low-molecular weight sugars known as chitooligosaccharides (COSs).
Green Chem., 2023,25, 467-489
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC02013K
Progress in reaction mechanisms and catalyst development of ceria-based catalysts for low-temperature CO2 methanation
We present a detailed review on the mechanistic understanding and catalyst development of CeO2-based CO2 methanation catalysts. Current challenges for deeper investigations and future perspectives are presented as well.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 130-152
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC03512J
Renewed interest in biopolymer composites: incorporation of renewable, plant-sourced fibers
Fully-renewable green composites are accessible when natural fibers are dispersed in a non-petroleum sourced polymeric matrix, which show promise for more sustainable composite materials and demand further research to expand their use.
Green Chem., 2023,25, 106-129
https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC03384D
About this collection
Welcome to our online collection of Green Chemistry Review articles. Here we feature Critical reviews, Tutorial reviews and Perspective articles published in 2023.
For more information about the different review types, please go to https://rsc.li/greenchem
Congratulations to all the authors whose articles are featured and we hope readers enjoy this collection.