Mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalised with a photoactive ruthenium(ii) complex: exploring the formulation of a metal-based photodynamic therapy photosensitiser

Abstract

A series of nanomaterials based on mesoporous silica have been synthesised and functionalised with a photoactive polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complex, namely [Ru(bipy)₂-dppz-7-hydroxymethyl][PF₆]₂ (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine), by various methods. The functionalisation reactions were based on the covalent binding to different ligands attached to the pores of the mesoporous nanoparticles and a simple physisorption using polyamino-functionalised mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The resulting nanostructured systems have been characterised by XRD, XRF, BET, SEM and TEM, observing the incorporation of the metallodrug onto the nanostructured silica in a different way depending on the synthetic method used in the loading reactions. In our studies, we have also observed that functionalisation with the metallodrug causes changes in the structural and textural features of the materials. The phototherapeutic activity of the ruthenium-functionalised materials in HeLa cervical cancer cells has been tested and the preliminary results are presented herein.