Themed collection Nanotoxicology

This review examines nanoparticle–blood interactions, their implications on solid tumour targeting, and provides an outlook to guide future nanoparticle design.

Besides the wide use of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) in technical products, their applications are not only increasing in biotechnology and biomedicine, but also in the environmental field.

We review the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind silver nanoparticle toxicity and their intracellular fate. In addition, the role of silver ions in the toxicity of silver nanoparticles is discussed.

Based on a survey of existing studies, low nanotoxicity of lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles holds promise for their safety and suitability for biomedical detection and imaging.

An increasing number of publications report genotoxicity studies for metal oxide and silica nanomaterials which may induce different kinds of genotoxicity via a variety of mechanisms.

Nanoparticle translocation and potential toxicity at the physiological system level.

This tutorial review focuses on aqueous slurries of dispersed engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) used in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) for polishing wafers during manufacturing of semiconductors.

Halloysite nanotubes in the C. elegans foregut (merged enhanced dark-field and fluorescence images).

The nanoparticulate photocatalyst β-SnWO₄ is transfected into human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2).

Higher cationic charge density on nanoparticles is correlated with higher toxicity to bacteria.

The pre-thrombotic state induced by SiNPs via the interaction between platelet activation, coagulation hyperfunction, anti-coagulation and fibrinolytic resistance.

CdTe QD exposure caused death and apoptosis of rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons via generating reactive oxygen species and increasing intracellular calcium levels, which could be reversed by a common antioxidant NAC.

Synthesis and in vivo toxicity assessment of radiolabeled Bis-ligand functionalized core shell quantum dot.

EDTA, as an electron donor, used for the first time in the antibacterial study of MoS₂.

Biocompatibility on lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (LONP) were investigated. LONP was cytotoxic to balb/3T3 cells via release of ROS. LONP and/or extracts were non-irritant, non-sensitizer and non-mutagenic. LONP extracts did not show acute systemic toxicity. Whereas, LONP exerted hepatotoxicity following oral administration.

Among the toxicity mechanisms linked to nanoparticles (NPs), oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are, in general, presumed to mediate their toxicological responses.

GO can extract the lipid bilayer of RBCs membranes, resulting in hemolysis and aberrant forms. In contrast, GQDs just disturb the structure and conformation of the lipid, resulting in only aberrant cells.

Quantum dots (QD) with varying surface chemistry can have an impact on cellular uptake and a range of indicators for cell perturbation.

Single-particle resolution techniques show that endothelial cells internalise 80 nm unmodified gold nanoparticles by endocytosis with subsequent transport to vesicles.

Three typical sterilization nanoparticles can cause oxidative stress and immune inflammation response to rats, and their toxicities showed significant differences.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles attenuate oxidative stress induced alterations in TGF-β signalling pathway members.

A unique four-gene signature for AuNP exposure was identified using the cDNA microarray and evaluated by qPCR and biological assays in mammalian cell lines.

Many uncertainties remain regarding the potential toxic effect of nanoparticles.

TiO₂ nanoparticles enhance LPS-dependent NO production and cytokine secretion through a mechanism that involves TLR4-mediated p38-signalling and requires phagocytosis.

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) are safe for environmental release.

Effect of taurine of propidium iodine staining on nano copper induced liver tissue.

This work focuses on creating a QSTR-perturbation model to enable computer-aided predictions of cytotoxicity of nanoparticles under dissimilar experimental conditions.

We show here that the phagocytic ability of cells exposed to single-walled carbon nanotubes is directly correlated to the toxic effects to the cells.

We demonstrate a general mechanism for the toxicity induced by metal-containing NPs, named “lysosome-enhanced Trojan horse effect”, which provides design rules to engineer safer NPs.

ZnO surface properties control cytotoxicity by regulating nanoparticle uptake rather than by altering either intracellular or extracellular Zn dissolution rates.

The increased use of nanoparticles (NPs) in industrial, health and consumer products may cause short-term and long-term cellular effects.

This study has shown that the haemolytic activity and toxicity of phytantriol cubosomes is considerably greater than that of glycerol monooleate cubosomes.

Cadmium (Cd) is a potent selective toxicant that preferentially accumulates in the kidneys where it is known to induce cellular injury.