Advanced aqueous zinc-ion batteries based on an anode constructed from zinc powder: a review

Abstract

Due to their exceptional safety, cost-effectiveness, high energy density, and environmental friendliness, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered considerable attention and are regarded as one of the most promising possibilities for large-scale energy storage. However, due to the poor reversibility of Zn/Zn²⁺ on the zinc anode, their commercialization continues to be hindered by issues such as poor cycling performance and low coulombic efficiency. A high negative/positive mass (N/P) ratio, underutilization, and low battery energy density are problems that frequently impede the use of zinc foil as an anode and make it unsuitable for widespread use. Anodes made of zinc powder (Zn-P) are thought to be a more viable option for commercial production because of their large exposed surface area and potential for obtaining high energy density. From an electrochemical perspective, we first provide an overview of the benefits and drawbacks of using Zn-P as a zinc anode, and we summarize recent procedures that have been used to create zinc anodes from Zn-P. Second, strategies and mechanisms for designing zinc anodes made from Zn-P are presented. Finally, the difficulties, potential possibilities, and real-world uses of ZIBs made from Zn-P-constructed zinc anodes are discussed.