Issue 70, 2021

Reduction of NO by diiron complexes in relation to flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases

Abstract

Reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N2O) is associated with immense biological and health implications. Flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases (FNORs) are diiron containing enzymes that catalyze the two electron reduction of NO to N2O and help certain pathogenic bacteria to survive under “nitrosative stress” in anaerobic growth conditions. Consequently, invading bacteria can proliferate inside the body of mammals by bypassing the immune defense mechanism involving NO and may thus lead to harmful infections. Various mechanisms, namely the direct reduction, semireduction, superreduction and hyponitrite mechanisms, have been proposed over time for catalytic NO reduction by FNORs. Model studies in relation to the diiron active site of FNORs have immensely helped to replicate the minimal structure–reactivity relationship and to understand the mechanism of NO reduction. A brief overview of the FNOR activity and the proposed reaction mechanisms followed by a systematic description and detailed analysis of the model studies is presented, which describes the development in the area of NO reduction by diiron complexes and its implications. A great deal of successful modeling chemistry as well as the shortcomings related to the synthesis and reactivity studies is discussed in detail. Finally, future prospects in this particular area of research are proposed, which in due course may bring more clarity in the understanding of this important redox reaction.

Graphical abstract: Reduction of NO by diiron complexes in relation to flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases

Article information

Article type
Feature Article
Submitted
15 jun 2021
Accepted
23 jul 2021
First published
23 jul 2021

Chem. Commun., 2021,57, 8682-8698

Reduction of NO by diiron complexes in relation to flavodiiron nitric oxide reductases

N. Pal, M. Jana and A. Majumdar, Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 8682 DOI: 10.1039/D1CC03149J

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