Issue 23, 2022

Parallel imaging of coagulation pathway proteases activated protein C, thrombin, and factor Xa in human plasma

Abstract

Activated protein C (APC), thrombin, and factor (f) Xa are vitamin K-dependent serine proteases that are key factors in blood coagulation. Moreover, they play important roles in inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and viral infections. Abnormal activity of these coagulation factors has been related to multiple conditions, such as bleeding and thrombosis, Alzheimer's disease, sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and COVID-19. The individual activities of APC, thrombin, and fXa in coagulation and in various diseases are difficult to establish since these proteases are related and have similar substrate preferences. Therefore, the development of selective chemical tools that enable imaging and discrimination between coagulation factors in biological samples may provide better insight into their roles in various conditions and potentially aid in the establishment of novel diagnostic tests. In our study, we used a large collection of unnatural amino acids, and this enabled us to extensively explore the binding pockets of the enzymes' active sites. Based on the specificity profiles obtained, we designed highly selective substrates, inhibitors, and fluorescent activity-based probes (ABPs) that were used for fast, direct, and simultaneous detection of APC, thrombin, and fXa in human plasma.

Graphical abstract: Parallel imaging of coagulation pathway proteases activated protein C, thrombin, and factor Xa in human plasma

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
22 Febr. 2022
Accepted
22 Apr. 2022
First published
27 Apr. 2022
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Chem. Sci., 2022,13, 6813-6829

Parallel imaging of coagulation pathway proteases activated protein C, thrombin, and factor Xa in human plasma

S. Modrzycka, S. Kołt, S. G. I. Polderdijk, T. E. Adams, S. Potoczek, J. A. Huntington, P. Kasperkiewicz and M. Drąg, Chem. Sci., 2022, 13, 6813 DOI: 10.1039/D2SC01108E

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