Issue 2, 2015

Thymine functionalised porphyrins, synthesis and heteromolecular surface-based self-assembly

Abstract

The synthesis and surface-based self-assembly of thymine-functionalised porphyrins is described. Reaction of 1-formylphenyl-3-benzoyl-thymine with suitable pyrollic species leads to the formation of tetra-(phenylthymine)porphyrin (tetra-TP) or mono-thymine-tri-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)porphyrin (mono-TP). Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate the self-association of mono-TP in the solid state through thymine⋯thymine hydrogen-bonding interactions but in solution this interaction (Kd = 6.1 ± 3.0 M−1) is relatively weak in comparison to the heteromolecular interaction between mono-TP and 9-propyladenine (K = 91.8 ± 20.5 M−1). STM studies of the tetratopic hydrogen-bonding tecton, tetra-TP, deposited on an HOPG substrate reveal the formation of an almost perfectly square self-assembled lattice through thymine⋯thymine hydrogen-bonding. Co-deposition of tetra-TP with 9-propyladenine leads to the adoption of preferable thymine⋯adenine interactions leading to the formation of a heteromolecular tetra-TP⋯9-propyladenine hydrogen bonded array including both Watson–Crick thymine⋯adenine interactions and adenine⋯adenine hydrogen-bonding. The studies demonstrate a pathway for the self-assembly of tetratopic hydrogen-bonding tectons and the use of preferential heteromolecular thymine⋯adenine interactions for the disruption of the homomolecular tetra-TP array. Studies of the self-assembly of tetra-TP and 9-propyladenine demonstrate a strong dependence on overall concentration and molar ratio of components indicating the importance of kinetic effects in surface self-assembly processes.

Graphical abstract: Thymine functionalised porphyrins, synthesis and heteromolecular surface-based self-assembly

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
14 Nov. 2014
Accepted
11 Dec. 2014
First published
11 Dec. 2014
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY license

Chem. Sci., 2015,6, 1562-1569

Author version available

Thymine functionalised porphyrins, synthesis and heteromolecular surface-based self-assembly

A. G. Slater, Y. Hu, L. Yang, S. P. Argent, W. Lewis, M. O. Blunt and N. R. Champness, Chem. Sci., 2015, 6, 1562 DOI: 10.1039/C4SC03531C

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