Issue 12, 2024

Hydrogen oxidation electrocatalysts for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells: activity descriptors, stability regulation, and perspectives

Abstract

The burgeoning field of anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) presents a promising avenue to circumvent the reliance on scarce and costly Pt-based catalysts, offering a zero-carbon emission alternative. Despite the success of numerous noble metal-free cathodic oxygen reduction reaction catalysts in AEMFCs, the sluggish kinetics of the anodic hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media, necessitating a high Pt amount, poses a substantial impediment to AEMFC development. This review delves into the intricate landscape of the alkaline HOR, commencing with exploration of prevailing theories grounded in diverse activity descriptors, such as the hydrogen binding energy theory and bifunctional theory. The elucidation of sluggish kinetics and reaction mechanisms in alkaline electrolytes serves as the foundation for the analysis of noble and non-noble metal catalysts, encompassing considerations of morphology, composition, local structure, heterostructure, spillover effects, single atomic catalysts, and oxyphilic site engineering. Emphasis is placed on addressing pivotal but often overlooked challenges, including long-term stability, antioxidation ability, and CO tolerance of HOR catalysts. This review underscores the significance of theoretical investigations and in situ characterization technologies. Subsequently, recent strides in AEMFCs, leveraging various electrocatalysts for enhanced activity and durability, are meticulously summarized. The narrative concludes by spotlighting persisting controversies surrounding alkaline HOR mechanisms, along with an exposition of challenges and prospective research directions vital for the eventual commercialization of AEMFCs.

Graphical abstract: Hydrogen oxidation electrocatalysts for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells: activity descriptors, stability regulation, and perspectives

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
09 Dec. 2023
Accepted
03 Maijs 2024
First published
06 Maijs 2024

Energy Environ. Sci., 2024,17, 3960-4009

Hydrogen oxidation electrocatalysts for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells: activity descriptors, stability regulation, and perspectives

J. Ren, L. Chen, H. Wang, Y. Feng and Z. Yuan, Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, 17, 3960 DOI: 10.1039/D3EE04251K

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