Issue 48, 2021

Characterization of the low energy conformations and differential reactivities of d-glucose and d-mannose based oxepines

Abstract

Carbohydrate-based oxepines are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of septanose carbohydrates. Here we report the characterization of the preferred conformations of D-glucose and D-mannose based oxepines 1 and 2 using computational chemistry and NMR spectroscopy. Monte Carlo conformational searches on 1 and 2 were performed, followed by DFT optimization and single-point energy calculations on the low energy conformations of each oxepine. Coupling constants were computed for all unique conformations at a B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)u+1s level of theory and weighted based on a Boltzmann distribution. These values were then compared to the experimental values collected using 3JH,H values collected from 1H NMR spectra. Information from the MC/DFT approach was then used in a least squares method that correlated DFT calculated and observed 3JH,H coupling constants. The conformations of 1 and 2 are largely governed by a combination of the rigidifying enol ether element in combination with the reduction of unfavorable interactions. The vinylogous anomeric effect (VAE) emerged as a consequence, rather than a driver of conformations. Oxepine 1 showed greater reactivity in Ferrier rearrangement reactions relative to oxepine 2, in line with its greater %VAE.

Graphical abstract: Characterization of the low energy conformations and differential reactivities of d-glucose and d-mannose based oxepines

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
24 ستمبر 2021
Accepted
23 نومبر 2021
First published
24 نومبر 2021

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021,19, 10635-10646

Author version available

Characterization of the low energy conformations and differential reactivities of D-glucose and D-mannose based oxepines

C. E. Griesbach and M. W. Peczuh, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 10635 DOI: 10.1039/D1OB01900G

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