Current research status of ionic polymer–metal composites in applications of low-voltage actuators

Abstract

The ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) is a smart material that displays exceptional electrochemical, mechanical, and optical properties. Its strong electromechanical conversion capability, small size, light weight, wide deformation range, simple actuation structure, and ability to operate at low voltages make it highly promising in applications of biomimetic actuators, such as bionic land-based robots, biomedical devices, and underwater actuators. First, the working principle and preparation process of IPMCs are introduced. Second, the properties and features of IPMCs are briefly reviewed. Moreover, the latest research developments in preparing modified and new composite materials for IPMC actuators to enhance various properties are highlighted. The current challenges in developing new IPMC materials are summarized. In addition, the influence of electrode materials, and macroscopic and microscopic features on the performance of IPMCs are summarized. Finally, hot application spots of the IPMC in different subfields of biomimetic actuators are briefly introduced and prospects for future studies are outlined.