Advances and challenges in membrane electrode assembly electrolyzers for CO2 reduction

Abstract

Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) electrolyzers hold great promise for industrial-scale CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR) applications, primarily due to their low systemic resistance compared to other electrolyzers. However, there are existing challenges that hinder the widespread application of MEA in CO₂RR. These challenges include the need for stable MEA systems, improved CO₂RR selectivity, selective production of highly valuable multi-carbon products, and enhanced CO₂ conversion efficiency. In this comprehensive review, we provide a summary of recent progress in MEA for CO₂RR and discuss its development in three main sections. Firstly, we emphasize the fundamentals of MEA construction and the corresponding evaluation factors for CO₂RR. Secondly, we delve into the detailed CO₂RR performance and advantages of MEA utilizing different technical routes. Finally, we address the main problems encountered and promising solutions proposed for MEA applied in CO₂RR. Furthermore, we highlight the remaining challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for the broader implementation of MEA in larger-scale CO₂RR applications. By addressing these challenges, MEA electrolyzers can become a pivotal technology in advancing efficient CO₂ reduction and the production of valuable chemical products.