Recent advancements in 3D porous graphene-based electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage applications

Abstract

Graphene, being a two-dimensional all-aromatic sheet bonded with sp² carbon atoms, has attracted much attention due to its excellent physicochemical properties like a large surface area, good electrical conductivity, and high thermal and chemical stability. Since the discovery of graphene, various efforts have been made to modify its structural properties for integrating this novel material in various electronic devices, fuel cells, and other energy storage applications. Furthermore, modification leads to the production of different graphene-based nanomaterials and one of the derivatives of a graphitic material is porous graphene. The advantage of using porous graphene in energy systems is that it has the properties of both porous material and graphene. In this connection, various synthesis conditions, dopants, and surface defects all significantly contribute to enhance the electrochemical performance of porous graphene. In this review, the recent advancements in 3D porous graphene-based electrode materials and their structural properties in relation to electrochemical energy storage systems are discussed.