Metal-directed self-assembly of constitutionally dynamic systems: control of the nuclearity of Pd(ii)/Pt(ii) metallacycles

Abstract

Self-assembly with the square-planar Pd(II) or Pt(II) (en)M(ONO₂)₂ (en = ethylenediamine) complexes of ditopic ligands incorporating both N,N′-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium and N-monoalkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium or N-monoalkyl-2,7-diazapyrenium moieties leads to constitutionally dynamic systems responsive to the concentration of the components. At low concentrations, the metallamacrocyclic mononuclear [ML]⁵⁺ species is formed. In contrast, when the concentration is increased, a defined dinuclear [M₂L₂]¹⁰⁺ structure appears as a second species in equilibrium, becoming the major one at high concentrations. Besides concentration changes, the addition of an aromatic guest also allows the control of the system speciation, shifting the outcome of the metal-directed self-assembly towards the mononuclear metallacycle. This dynamic behavior enables the control of the nuclearity of the metallacycles assembled by external stimuli.