CoAl-LDHs@Fe3O4 decorated with cobalt nanowires and cobalt nanoparticles for a heterogeneous electro-Fenton process to degrade 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid and glyphosate

Abstract

Heterogeneous electro-Fenton is one of the promising technologies to degrade refractory organic phosphonates. In this work, CoNWs@CoAl-LDHs/Fe₃O₄ and CoNPs@CoAl-LDHs/Fe₃O₄ were successfully synthesized by a co-precipitation method and applied to degrade 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and glyphosate (PMG) via an electro-Fenton process. The results indicated that the removal rate of HEDP (100 mg L⁻¹) and PMG (100 mg L⁻¹) by CoNWs@CoAl-LDHs/Fe₃O₄ increased from 62.09% and 95.31% to 82.45% and 100%, respectively. The CoNPs@CoAl-LDHs/Fe₃O₄ electro-Fenton system could remove 70.03% of HEDP and nearly 100% of PMG within 2 hours at a pH of 3. Moreover, we compared the SEM, EDS, XRD and BET results of CoNWs@CoAl-LDHs/Fe₃O₄ with those of CoNPs@CoAl-LDHs/Fe₃O₄. The effects of initial pH, CoNW dosage and reaction time on the degradation of HEDP and PMG were discussed. CoNWs@CoAl-LDHs@Fe₃O₄ could even remove 71.03% of HEDP at a neutral pH. After four cycles of repeated use at a pH of 3, the removal rate of HEDP by CoNWs@CoAl-LDHs/Fe₃O₄ was still higher than 70%. Radical quenching experiments revealed that ˙OH is the dominant active species participating in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. Finally, we would talk about the mechanism of the CoNWs@CoAl-LDHs/Fe₃O₄-based electro-Fenton system.