On the coordination non-innocence of antimony in nickel(ii) complexes of the tetradentate (o-(Ph2P)C6H4)3Sb ligand

Abstract

In a continuation of our investigations into the unusual properties of antimony-based ligands, we have decided to investigate the structure of the complexes formed by the tetradentate ligands (o-(Ph₂P)C₆H₄)₃E (E = P (1), As (2), Sb (3)) with NiCl₂. We observed that the structure of the resulting complexes depends on the nature of the central pnictogen atom E, with the phosphorus- and arsenic-based systems adopting ionic structures of the type [ClNi(o-(Ph₂P)C₆H₄)₃E][Cl] (E = P ([4][Cl]), As ([5][Cl])) while the known antimony complex ClNi(o-(Ph₂P)C₆H₄)₃SbCl (6-Cl) is molecular, with a chloride anion bound to the antimony atom trans from the nickel atom. Using both structural and computational arguments, we propose that the Lewis acidic behavior of the antimony atom in the cation [ClNi(o-(Ph₂P)C₆H₄)₃Sb]⁺ ([6]⁺) which as been structurally characterized as its [BPh₄]⁻ salt, originates in part from the steric compression imposed by the rigid ligand buttresses and the larger size of antimony. This steric compression pushes the antimony atom of [6]⁺ toward a geometry that is closer to that of a trigonal-base pyramid, setting the stage for the coordination of a ligand trans from the nickel atom as in 6-Cl. Coordination of the chloride ligand also benefits from an accumulation of positive character at the antimony atom of [6]⁺ which is a assigned to the polarizable and electron-releasing nature of this heavy pnictogen.