Improving supercapacitor electrode performance with electrospun carbon nanofibers: unlocking versatility and innovation

Abstract

Electrode materials have attracted considerable attention as pivotal components for high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). In recent years, electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs) have emerged as promising candidates for SC electrodes owing to their distinctive one-dimensional morphology, adjustable internal pore size, and heteroatom doping capability. The design of ECNFs tailored for superior SC performance is currently a focal point of research. This review delineates the preparation and design strategies of ECNFs for SCs electrodes, encompassing both conceptual frameworks and practical considerations. First, it presents an overview of ECNF preparation techniques and modifications. Then, it focuses on the structural design of ECNFs for SC electrodes, encompassing functional group configuration, pore structure optimization, and composite structuring. Lastly, it examines prevailing challenges and outlines future research directions in this domain. This review is expected to serve as a foundation for future research endeavors on ECNFs, thereby promoting advancements in the realm of SC technology.