Wearable electrochemical bioelectronics for agriculture

Abstract

Recent advances in wearable electrochemical sensors offer promising solutions for sensitive, real-time detection of biomarkers in agriculture. These sensors, placed directly on plant surfaces, provide insights into agricultural health by converting biological signals into electrical outputs for analytics and monitoring of specific biomarkers and microenvironmental conditions. This review article explores recent progress in wearable electrochemical sensors for agriculture, categorizing sensors based on their principles and detailing their applications, including enzymatic amperometry, hormonal voltammetry, ion-selective potentiometry, water loss impedimetry, and organic electrochemical transistors. By examining electrochemical techniques and their utility in plant health monitoring, this article elucidates the transformative potential of wearable electrochemical bioelectronics in sustainable agricultural practices. This article also discussed the designs and mechanisms of each sensor type, highlighting their applications in addressing current challenges in precision agriculture. Additionally, it also outlines the issues of each technique and future directions of wearable electrochemical sensors for agriculture. Through a comprehensive review of the literature and technological advances, this paper aims to summarize solutions for informed adoption and integration of these innovative solutions to address the challenges facing modern agriculture.