Volume 248, 2024

Dissolved LiO2 or adsorbed LiO2? The reactive superoxide during discharging process in lithium–oxygen batteries

Abstract

Lithium–oxygen batteries are promising but have many challenges. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, they are usually discharge–charge cycled with capacity cutoff instead of potential cutoff, which brings controversy. Additionally, which superoxide intermediate, the dissolved or the adsorbed superoxide, is more reactive and leads to cell premature death and unsatisfactory discharge capacity? These questions puzzle researchers and impede the development of lithium–oxygen batteries. Herein, on one hand, we tried to decouple the influence of discharging potential and discharging current density on the discharge products and side reactions. We found that the electrode potential has more impact on the side reactions than the current density. The low potential leads to a high ratio of Li2CO3 to Li2O2 in the discharge product and hence more surface passivation. On the other hand, to identify the more reactive and aggressive species that cause surface passivation, a flow cell setup was applied to suppress the solution route and maximize the products from the surface route. Results show that more Li2CO3 was identified under a large flow rate and thus the intermediates in surface route appear to be more reactive than that in solution route.

Graphical abstract: Dissolved LiO2 or adsorbed LiO2? The reactive superoxide during discharging process in lithium–oxygen batteries

Associated articles

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
22 avr. 2023
Accepted
22 mai 2023
First published
27 sept. 2023

Faraday Discuss., 2024,248, 160-174

Dissolved LiO2 or adsorbed LiO2? The reactive superoxide during discharging process in lithium–oxygen batteries

C. Tan, W. Wang, Y. Wu and Y. Chen, Faraday Discuss., 2024, 248, 160 DOI: 10.1039/D3FD00080J

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