Turning trash into treasure: recent advances in triboelectric nanogenerator based on waste-derived carbonized materials

Abstract

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a novel device that efficiently converts mechanical energy into electrical energy; such devices have been used in fields such as energy harvesting, intelligent monitoring, environmental protection, wearable electronic materials, micro/nano-power sources, robotics, and self-powered sensors. Recently, waste-derived carbonized materials (WDCMs) have been widely used to fabricate TENGs, considering their low-cost, abundance, and environmental friendliness. WDCMs exhibit good electrical and thermal conductivity, high-level corrosion-resistance, flexibility, and hydrophobicity. The advantages of WDCM-based TENGs are high output, moisture-resistance, flexibility, and the capacity to function in extreme environments. Here, we summarize the preparation methods, working mechanisms, unique advantages, applications, and the prospect of WDCM-based TENGs. This review may inspire the continued development of waste-based energy-harvesting devices.