Euphorbia diterpenoids: isolation, structure, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and synthesis (2013–2021)

Abstract

Covering: 2013 to 2021

As the characteristic metabolites of Euphorbia plants, Euphorbia diterpenoids have always been a hot topic in related science communities due to their intriguing structures and broad bioactivities. In this review, we intent to provide an in-depth and extensive coverage of Euphorbia diterpenoids reported from 2013 to the end of 2021, including 997 new Euphorbia diterpenoids and 78 known ones with latest progress. Multiple aspects will be summarized, including their occurrences, chemical structures, bioactivities, and syntheses, in which the structure–activity relationship and biosynthesis of this class will be discussed for the first time.