Hydroxyquinoline-functionalised aza-crown macrocycles for lanthanide coordination

Abstract

Emerging therapeutic radiolanthanides have utility for systemic molecular radiotherapy in nuclear medicine, provided that suitable chemical technology is available to incorporate them into receptor-targeted radiopharmaceuticals. In this work, N,N′-bis(8-hydroxyquinoline-2-ylmethyl)-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 (H₂KHQ) was synthesised, and its binding ability, thermodynamic stability and selectivity for Ln³⁺ ions (Ln³⁺ = La, Tb, and Lu) investigated. The design of H₂KHQ involves pendant arms featuring 8-hydroxyquinoline units, known to possess metal-chelating properties and desirable activity in other therapeutic molecules. H₂KHQ exhibited selectivity for the larger Ln³⁺ ions, confirmed by experimentally measured stability constants as well as DFT calculations. H₂KHQ was able to bind the larger, non-radioactive La³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions within 30 minutes at room temperature, forming a single, 2-fold symmetric species in solution. The structure of [La-HKHQ]²⁺, as determined by single crystal XRD, emphasized the need for high denticity chelators to satisfy the coordination sphere of the Ln³⁺, showing a 10-coordinate La³⁺ metal centre. H₂KHQ was radiolabelled with [¹⁶¹Tb]TbCl₃ under mild conditions in 92% radiochemical yield in promising proof-of-concept measurements.