A bibliometric review of triazine hybrids: synthesis, reactions, and applications spanning the last quarter-century (2000–2025)

Abstract

This comprehensive review delves into the intricate world of triazines, including their structures and the chemical diversity of their isomers. Additionally, this report encompasses a wide range of synthetic approaches, describing numerous reactions for attaining triazines, such as Bamberger, Bischler, inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder, and Diels–Alder reactions. Moreover, this review describes the progress made in the chemistry of triazines, which is organized based on their reaction types, spotlighting the recent development. Accordingly, triazines stand out as a transformative strategy in the progress of synthetic chemistry due to their diverse applications in medicine, pharmacy, industry, and agriculture. Besides, triazine hybrids are important pharmacophores in the development of medications due to their captivating biological efficacy and biocompatibility. Consequently, this review presents a vast number of marketed drugs containing a triazine template while delineating their molecular mechanisms of action in disrupting disease pathways. Moreover, triazine cores are highlighted as flexible platforms for constructing and fine-tuning metal complexes and catalytic ligands in the period from 2000 to mid-2025. We anticipate that this review will be valuable to researchers focusing on the structural design and advancement of triazines.