Lanthanide-based coordination polymers: a fluorometric Frontier in explosive sensing

Abstract

In the pursuit of public safety, environmental protection, and counter-terrorism, significant advancements have been made in explosive detection techniques. However, challenges such as limited sensitivity, poor selectivity, and high operational costs remain, particularly for trace-level detection. In this study, we present a simple and scalable synthesis of lanthanide-based coordination polymers (Ln-COPs), denoted as Ho(DAB) and Tb(DAB), formed through the coordination of Ho(III) and Tb(III) ions, respectively, with the organic linker 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB). Spectroscopic and electron microscopic analyses confirm their two-dimensional planar structure, resulting from the self-assembly of infinitely long polymeric strands. These luminescent Ln-COPs demonstrate exceptional performance as sensors for detecting both nitroaromatic and non-nitroaromatic explosives via fluorescence quenching. Notably, Tb(DAB) exhibits a remarkable limit of detection of 7.7 µM for TNP. Furthermore, mechanistic insights into the quenching process are explored. These results underscore the sensitivity and practical applicability of Ln-COPs in advanced explosive detection systems.