Vanadium ferrite-doped mesoporous bioactive glass-ceramics: controlled cisplatin delivery in chemohyperthermia

Abstract

This study explores the multifunctional application of vanadium ferrite-doped mesoporous bioactive glass-ceramics (MBGCs), presenting a novel approach to synergistically integrate chemohyperthermia and controlled cisplatin delivery in cancer treatment. Using the sol–gel method, MBGC formulations were developed, which VF0510 (a formulation containing 5 mol% V₂O₅ and 10 mol% Fe₂O₃) identified as the optimal composition due to its superior magnetic properties, bioactivity, and controlled drug delivery capabilities. The previously established mesoporous architecture of VF0510, validated in our earlier study, enabled effective cisplatin loading and sustained release in this work. Calorimetric analyses revealed that VF0510 achieved a controlled therapeutic temperature of 41.5 °C under an alternating magnetic field, meeting the optimal range for hyperthermia-based treatments. Drug loading studies demonstrated that hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)-coated VF0510 provided a sustained release of 68% over 48 hours, significantly reducing the burst effect while maintaining prolonged therapeutic action. In vitro assays using MG63 osteosarcoma cells demonstrated statistically significant results (P < 0.01), with cisplatin-loaded VF0510 reducing cell viability by 45% within 48 hours through apoptosis induction, as confirmed by flow cytometry. This dual-modality platform integrates localized magnetic hyperthermia with controlled chemotherapy delivery, addressing challenges such as systemic toxicity and drug resistance. The results highlight the critical role of vanadium ferrite in enhancing magnetic response and bioactivity, while the HPC coating ensures sustained and efficient drug release. Future research should optimize the thermoresponsive properties of polymer coatings and validate findings through in vivo models, paving the way for safer, more effective cancer therapies combining hyperthermia and chemotherapy.