Issue 31, 2023

Asymmetric rectified electric and concentration fields in multicomponent electrolytes with surface reactions

Abstract

Recent experimental studies have utilized AC electric fields and electrochemical reactions in multicomponent electrolyte solutions to control colloidal assembly. However, theoretical investigations have thus far been limited to binary electrolytes and have overlooked the impact of electrochemical reactions. In this study, we address these limitations by analyzing a system with multicomponent electrolytes, while also relaxing the assumption of ideally blocking electrodes to capture the effect of surface electrochemical reactions. Through a regular perturbation analysis in the low-applied-potential regime, we solve the Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations and obtain effective equations for electrical potential and ion concentrations. By employing a combination of numerical and analytical calculations, our analysis reveals a significant finding: electrochemical reactions alone can generate asymmetric rectified electric fields (AREFs), i.e., time-averaged, long-range electric fields, even when the diffusivities of the ionic species are equal. This finding expands our understanding beyond the conventional notion that AREFs arise solely from diffusivity contrast. Furthermore, we demonstrate that AREFs induced by electrochemical reactions can be stronger than those resulting from asymmetric diffusivities. Additionally, we report the emergence of asymmetric rectified concentration fields (ARCFs), i.e., time-averaged, long-range concentration fields, which supports the electrodiffusiophoresis mechanism of colloidal assembly observed in experiments. We also derive analytical expressions for AREFs and ARCFs, emphasizing the role of imbalances in ionic strength and charge density, respectively, as the driving forces behind their formation. The results presented in this article advance the field of colloidal assembly and also have implications for improved understanding of electrolyte transport in electrochemical devices.

Graphical abstract: Asymmetric rectified electric and concentration fields in multicomponent electrolytes with surface reactions

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
23 Jun 2023
Accepted
19 Jul 2023
First published
20 Jul 2023

Soft Matter, 2023,19, 6032-6045

Author version available

Asymmetric rectified electric and concentration fields in multicomponent electrolytes with surface reactions

N. Jarvey, F. Henrique and A. Gupta, Soft Matter, 2023, 19, 6032 DOI: 10.1039/D3SM00823A

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