Phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase (PheRS) substrate mimics: design, synthesis, molecular dynamics and antimicrobial evaluation

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a very challenging medical issue and identifying novel antimicrobial targets is one of the means to overcome this challenge. Phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase (PheRS) is a promising antimicrobial target owing to its unique structure and the possibility of selectivity in the design of inhibitors. Sixteen novel benzimidazole based compounds (5a–b), (6a–e), (7a–d), (9a–e) and three N,N-dimethyl-7-deazapurine based compounds (16a–c) were designed to mimic the natural substrate of PheRS, phenylalanyl adenylate (Phe-AMP), that was examined through flexible alignment. The compounds were successfully synthesised chemically in two schemes using 4 to 6-steps synthetic pathways, and evaluated against a panel of five microorganisms with the best activity observed against Enterococcus faecalis. To further investigate the designed compounds, a homology model of E. faecalis PheRS was generated, and PheRS-ligand complexes obtained through computational docking. The PheRS–ligand complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations and computational binding affinity studies. As a conclusion, and using data from the computational studies compound 9e, containing the (2-naphthyl)-L-alanine and benzimidazole moieties, was identified as optimal with respect to occupancy of the active site and binding interactions within the phenylalanine and adenosine binding pockets.