Hyperbranched Multiple Polythioamides Made from Elemental Sulfur for Mercury Adsorption

Abstract

Different from traditional polyethylenimine (PEI) modified Hg(II) adsorbent materials, a novel hyperbranched polythioamide adsorbent (SPD) was prepared by using sulfur, PEI and 1,4-diethynylbenzene (DEB) as monomers. There are tens and thousands tons of sulfur produced from oil refinery processes as a major by-product each year, and its utilization becomes a concern for its limited consumption, environmental problems and safety. Herein, the SPD was fabricated through a one-pot, catalyst-free and even can be solvent-free polymerization via using sulfur to solidify the liquid PEI. The kinetic study showed that the adsorption of Hg(II) ions followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemical adsorption between Hg(II) ions and SPD. The SPD had a maximum adsorption capacity with 1161.99 mg g-1. FT-IR and XPS measurements indicated that the removal of Hg(II) by SPD was mainly controlled by the coordination interaction between Hg(II) ions and nitrogen groups (i.e., amine and imine groups), and also C=S bonds of SPD. By using elemental sulfur, PEI becomes the backbone of polymer system by forming −C(=S)NH− and −C(=S)N＜ groups unlike the grafted part of traditional PEI modified materials. TG&DTG, and DSC measurements showed that the main degradations were occurred at around 160 °C and 360 °C.