A magnesium–sodium hybrid battery with high operating voltage

Abstract

We report a high performance magnesium–sodium hybrid battery utilizing a magnesium–sodium dual-salt electrolyte, a magnesium anode, and a Berlin green cathode. The cell delivers an average discharge voltage of 2.2 V and a reversible capacity of 143 mA h g⁻¹. We also demonstrate the cell with an energy density of 135 W h kg⁻¹ and a high power density of up to 1.67 kW kg⁻¹.