Open Access Article
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Expression of Concern: High-efficiency acid–base catalysts: ZrO2, TiO2, amine, and Br functionalized porous polymers for CO2 and epoxide to cyclic carbonate conversion
Abbas A. Jawad*ab,
Sura A. Ahmedc and
Hasan J. Al-Abedib
aMidland Refineries Company MRC/AL Daura Refinery Company/Project Management Division, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail: abbasajd5d@gmail.com; abbasajd5d@outlook.com
bDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-1230, USA
cMidland Refineries Company MRC/AL Daura Refinery Company/Maintenance Board, Baghdad, Iraq
First published on 13th February 2026
Abstract
Expression of Concern for ‘High-efficiency acid–base catalysts: ZrO2, TiO2, amine, and Br functionalized porous polymers for CO2 and epoxide to cyclic carbonate conversion’ by Abbas A. Jawad et al., RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 7630–7643, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00392J.
The Royal Society of Chemistry is publishing this expression of concern in order to alert readers that concerns have been raised regarding the integrity of the N2 isotherm data in Fig. 2, the FTIR spectrum in Fig. 4b and the image data in Fig. 6.
The Royal Society of Chemistry has asked the affiliated institution (Missouri University of Science and Technology) to investigate this matter and confirm the integrity and reliability of published data.
An expression of concern will continue to be associated with the article until we receive conclusive evidence regarding the reliability of the reported data.
Laura Fisher
2nd February 2026
Executive Editor, RSC Advances
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