The removal of fluoranthene by Agaricus bisporus immobilized in Ca-alginate modified by Lentinus edodes nanoparticles

Abstract

Fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) were entrapped in Ca-alginate modified by Lentinus edodes nanoparticles (CA-LENP) to adsorb and biodegrade fluoranthene (FLU) efficiently from an aqueous solution in a fluidized bed bioreactor. A modification of alginate with 3% LENP could reduce the leakage of the fruiting bodies and enzymes from matrix beads effectively during the immobilization, and then increase the biodegradation efficiency. The removal efficiency of FLU reached 95.20 ± 0.66% with an immobilized A. bisporus volume of 2% and a hydraulic retention time of 12 h. The biosorption, biodegradation and removal of FLU were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order, first-order reaction and third-order reaction model, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich models could describe the biosorption equilibrium data very well. The calculated thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the biosorption of FLU onto CA-LENP beads was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The CA-LENP beads with A. bisporus were reused 10 times and ultimately removed more than 88.86% of FLU. The enzymatic activity of CA-LENP beads with the fruiting bodies of A. bisporus could retain almost 66.84% of the initial activity after 60 days of storage at 25 °C. These results indicate that the CA-LENP beads with A. bisporus in FBB can be applied as a wastewater treatment system for the removal of PAHs.