United Nations Environment Programme, Environmental Effects Assessment Panel‡
First published on 13th December 2008
After the enthusiastic celebration of the 20th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 2007, the work for the protection of the ozone layer continues. The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel is one of the three expert panels within the Montreal Protocol. This “EEAP” deals with the increase of the UV irradiance on the Earth's surface and its effects on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality and materials. For the past few years, interactions of ozone depletion with climate change have also been considered. It has become clear that the environmental problems will be long-lasting. In spite of the fact that the worldwide production of ozone depleting chemicals has already been reduced by 95%, the environmental disturbances are expected to persist for about the next half a century, even if the protective work is actively continued, and completed. The latest full report was published in Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2007, 6, 201–332, and the last progress report in Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2008, 7, 15–27. The next full report on environmental effects is scheduled for the year 2010. The present progress report 2008 is one of the short interim reports, appearing annually.
Fig. 1 Mean difference in temperature, in K, between the simulation with 9 ppbv chlorine (no Montreal Protocol) and 3.5 ppbv chlorine (present day). From O. Morgenstern, P. Braesicke, M. M. Hurwitz, F. M. O'Connor, A. C. Bushell, C. E. Johnson and J. A. Pyle, The World Avoided by the Montreal Protocol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L16811, DOI:10.1029/2008GL034590 (ref. 7). Reproduced by permission of the American Geophysical Union. |
Footnotes |
† This publication should be cited as follows: Andrady et al., Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2008, United Nations Environment Programme, Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 8, 2009, DOI:10.1039/b820432m |
‡ List of contributing authors in alphabetical order: Anthony Andrady, Pieter J. Aucamp, Alkiviadis F. Bais, Carlos L. Ballaré, Lars Olof Björn, Janet F. Bornman (Co-Chair), Martyn Caldwell, Anthony P. Cullen, David J. Erickson, Frank R. de Gruijl, Donat-P. Häder, Mohammad Ilyas, G. Kulandaivelu, H. D. Kumar, Janice Longstreth, Richard L. McKenzie, Mary Norval, Nigel Paul, Halim Hamid Redhwi, Raymond C. Smith, Keith R. Solomon (Secretary), Barbara Sulzberger, Yukio Takizawa, Xiaoyan Tang (Co-Chair), Alan H. Teramura, Ayako Torikai, Jan C. van der Leun (Co-Chair), Stephen R. Wilson, Robert C. Worrest and Richard G. Zepp. |
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