Theoretical calculations have been carried out and experimental dipole moments measured for several pyridinium azolate inner salts; depending on the substituent on the pyridinium ring the compounds are either planar, almost freely rotating molecules, or are hindered with the rings perpendicular to each other, and in all cases the dipole moments are very large (10–18 debyel).
E. Alcalde, I. Dinaré, J. Fayet, M. Vertut and J. Elguero, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 734 DOI: 10.1039/C39860000734
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