Evaluation of La0.3Sr0.7Ti1−xCoxO3 as a potential cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract

Perovskites La_0.3Sr_0.7Ti_1−xCo_xO₃ (LSTCs, x = 0.3–0.6) are systematically evaluated as potential cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells. The effects of Co substitution for Ti on structural characteristics, thermal expansion coefficients (TECs), electrical conductivity, and electrochemical performance are investigated. All of the synthesized LSTCs exhibit a cubic structure. With Rietveld refinement on the high-temperature X-ray diffraction data, the TECs of LSTCs are calculated to be 20–26 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹. LSTC shows good thermal cycling stability and is chemically compatible with the LSGM electrolyte below 1250 °C. The substitution of Co for Ti increases significantly the electrical conductivity of LSTC. The role of doping on the conduction behavior is discussed based on defect chemistry theory and first principles calculation. The electrochemical performances of LSTC are remarkably improved with Co substitution. The area specific resistance of sample La_0.3Sr_0.7Ti_0.4Co_0.6O₃ on the La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3−δ (LSGM) electrolyte in symmetrical cells is 0.0145, 0.0233, 0.0409, 0.0930 Ω cm² at 850, 800, 750 and 700 °C, respectively, and the maximum power density of the LSGM electrolyte (400 μm)-supported single cell with the Ni–GDC anode, LDC buffer layer and LSTC cathode reaches 464.5, 648, and 775 mW cm⁻² at 850 °C for x = 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6, respectively. All these results suggest that LSTC are promising candidate cathode materials for SOFCs.