A composite catalyst of reduced black TiO2−x/CNT: a highly efficient counter electrode for ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract

A composite catalyst (reduced black TiO_2−x/carbon nanotube) was synthesized through a simple sol–gel method and applied as a counter electrode (CE) in ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This material demonstrated notable electrocatalytic activity for I₃⁻ reduction, and the resultant DSSCs achieved a PCE of 5.71%.