Recent advancements in multifunctional nanomaterials for dental applications

Abstract

This review explores the transformative impact of smart nanomaterials on modern dentistry, a field where precision at the molecular level is unlocking innovative solutions. Nanodentistry leverages the unique properties of nanomaterials, such as their enhanced mechanical, optical, and chemical characteristics, to significantly improve oral healthcare. We delve into recent advancements in restorative dentistry, where novel nanocomposites are offering superior strength, wear resistance, and polish retention, while also minimizing polymerization shrinkage. In orthodontics, we highlight the use of nanomaterials with shape memory and antibacterial properties, which not only accelerate tooth movement but also actively reduce plaque formation and related complications. The article also examines the development of multifunctional nanomaterials for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, including highly effective antimicrobial agents designed to target and eliminate resilient biofilms. The use of nanoencapsulation is discussed for its ability to improve the efficacy, biocompatibility, and durability of dental treatments. Finally, we address the critical need for comprehensive biocompatibility assessments to ensure patient safety, emphasizing the development of materials that closely mimic natural tooth structure, such as hydroxyapatite-based enamel. Ultimately, this review emphasizes how these smart nanomaterials are not merely improving existing dental practices but are paving the way for a revolutionary approach to oral health diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care.