Bridging dimensions: 2D ultrathin g-C3N4 interfused 3D Nd2(WO4)3 architecture for hybrid energy storage

Abstract

As the global energy demand continues to rise, the need for sustainable materials becomes increasingly critical. Graphitic carbon nitride, which can be sourced from abundant resources, is an environmentally friendly option. When combined with transition and lanthanide elements, it forms a powerful hybrid material that provides structural integrity. A significant advancement in this area is the synthesis of a graphitic carbon nitride incorporated neodymium tungsten oxide (GCN@NW) nanocomposite through a hydrothermal method, intended for use in high-performance supercapacitors. Analytical techniques confirmed the crystallinity and morphology of the composite, while electrochemical assessments exemplify its pseudocapacitive behaviour. The composite exhibits an electrochemically active surface area of 0.13 × 10⁻³ cm² with a specific capacitance of 354.88 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. It retains 96.7% of its capacitance after 5000 cycles and has a low charge transfer resistance (R_ct) of 3.3 Ω. An asymmetric supercapacitor device GCN@NW-ASC was fabricated, which achieved a specific capacitance of 62.98 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. It established an impressive power density of 2605.74 kW kg⁻¹ and an energy density of 45.34 Wh kg⁻¹, while retaining 97.3% of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles. These findings underscore the potential of advanced functional materials as eco-friendly candidates for future energy storage technologies.