Influence of MnO2 on the ferroelectric properties, energy storage efficiency and piezoelectric properties of high-temperature Bi3TaTiO9 ceramics

Abstract

The demand for materials with multifunctional qualities has skyrocketed with the quickening pace of design and engineering of smart and effective electronic devices like piezoelectric sensors. Herein, a high-temperature piezoelectric bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric material has been incorporated with MnO₂ to form Bi₃TiTaO₉:xwt%MnO₂ with x = 0–0.3, (BTTO:xMn) to investigate the influence of MnO₂ on the ferroelectric properties, energy storage efficiency and piezoelectric properties. Despite the intercalation of Mn-ions at the lattice location, the structure of all ceramics remains preserved. At x = 0.2, the addition of MnO₂ to BTTO lattices has enhanced the material's multifunctional properties. At room temperature, it has shown a high remnant polarization (P_r) of 11.04 μC cm⁻², a recoverable energy density (W_rec) of ∼ 0.98 J cm⁻³, an energy conversion efficiency (η) of ∼63%, a high piezoelectric co-efficient (d₃₃) of 20 pC/N and a dielectric constant (ε_r) of 133 with very low dielectric loss, which are much improved compared to those of pure BTTO ceramics. Furthermore, even after annealing at 600 °C, the BTTO:0.2 Mn ceramic has shown excellent piezoelectric thermal stability, retaining 80% (16 pC/N) of its initial value. The achieved results clearly indicate that the BTTO:0.2 Mn ceramic is a promising candidate for future wide-temperature pulse power applications and high-temperature piezoelectric devices.