Issue 34, 2024

Synthesis, photophysical characterisation, quantum-chemical study and in vitro antiproliferative activity of cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes based on 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole and N,N-donor ligands

Abstract

In this paper, we present the synthesis of four new complexes: the dimeric precursor [Ir(dmppz)2(μ-Cl)]2 (1) (Hdmppz – 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole) and heteroleptic bis-cyclometalated complexes: [Ir(dmppz)2(Py2CO)]PF6·½CH2Cl2 (2), [Ir(dmppz)2(H2biim)]PF6·H2O (3), and [Ir(dmppz)2(PyBIm)]PF6 (4), with auxiliary N,N-donor ligands: 2-di(pyridyl)ketone (Py2CO), 2,2′-biimidazole (H2biim) and 2-(2′-pyridyl)benzimidazole (PyBIm). In the obtained complexes, SC-X-ray analysis revealed that Ir(III) has an octahedral coordination sphere with chromophores of the type {IrN2C2Cl2} (1) or {IrN4C2} (2–4). The complexes obtained, which have been fully characterised by physicochemical methods (CHN, TG, FTIR, UV-Vis, PL and 1H, 13C, 15N NMR), were used to continue our studies on the factors influencing the cytotoxic properties of potential chemotherapeutic agents (in vitro). To this end, the following studies are presented: (i) comparative analysis of the effects on the biological properties of N,N-donor ligands and C,N-donor ligands in the studied complexes, (ii) studies of the interactions of the compounds with the selected molecular target: DNA and BSA (UV-Vis, CD and PL methods), (iii) and the reactivity towards redox molecules: GSH, NADH (UV-Vis and/or ESI-MS methods), (iv) cytotoxic activity (IC50) of potential chemotherapeutics against MCF-7, K-562 and CCRF-CEM cell lines.

Graphical abstract: Synthesis, photophysical characterisation, quantum-chemical study and in vitro antiproliferative activity of cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes based on 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole and N,N-donor ligands

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
20 Jun 2024
Accepted
26 Jul 2024
First published
02 Aug 2024

Dalton Trans., 2024,53, 14438-14450

Synthesis, photophysical characterisation, quantum-chemical study and in vitro antiproliferative activity of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes based on 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole and N,N-donor ligands

J. Masternak, K. Okła, A. Kubas, J. Voller, K. Kozlanská, M. Zienkiewicz-Machnik, A. Gilewska, J. Sitkowski, A. Kamecka, K. Kazimierczuk and B. Barszcz, Dalton Trans., 2024, 53, 14438 DOI: 10.1039/D4DT01796J

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