Insight into ferromagnetic interactions in CuII–LnIII dimers with a compartmental ligand

Abstract

In the last two decades, efforts have been devoted to obtaining insight into the magnetic interactions between Cu^II and Ln^III utilizing experimental and theoretical means. Experimentally, it has been observed that the exchange coupling (J) in Cu^II–Ln^III systems is often found to be ferromagnetic for ≥4f⁷ metal ions. However, exchange interactions at sub-Kelvin temperatures between Cu^II and the anisotropic/isotropic Ln^III ions are not often explored. In this report, we have synthesized a series of heterobimetallic [CuLn(HL)(μ-piv)(piv)₂] complexes (Ln^III = Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3) and Er (4)) from a new compartmental Schiff base ligand, N,N’-bis(3-methoxy-5-methylsalicylidene)-1,3-diamino-2-propanol (H₃L). X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals that all four complexes are isostructural and isomorphous. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a ferromagnetic coupling between the Cu^II ion and its respective Ln^III ion for all the complexes, as often observed. Moreover, μ-SQUID studies, at sub-Kelvin temperatures, show S-shaped hysteresis loops indicating the presence of antiferromagnetic coupling in complexes 1–3. The antiferromagnetic interaction is explained by considering the shortest Cu⋯Cu distance in the crystal structure. The nearly closed loops for 1–3 highlight their fast relaxation characteristics, while the opened loops for 4 might arise from intermolecular ordering. CASSCF calculations allow the quantitative assessment of the interactions, which are further supported by BS-DFT calculations.