Zwitterionic/phosphonate copolymer coatings endow excellent antifouling properties and robust re-mineralization ability of dentine substrates

Abstract

Inhibition of biofilm formation and induction of the re-mineralization of damaged dental tissues are two major strategies to combat dental hypersensitivity (DH). However, single component synthetic materials normally cannot fulfil these two functions during the repairing of damaged dental tissues. Here, we report zwitterionic phosphorylcholine based polymers to be a new type of dual functional coating for the repairing of DH. Zwitterionic/phosphonate copolymers, p(DEMMP-co-MPC), bearing varied zwitterionic contents (95 and 75 mol%) were prepared through conventional radical copolymerization. ¹H NMR spectroscopy clearly indicated the precise preparation of the copolymers. The copolymers can be easily coated on dentine substrates based on the high affinity between the phosphonate group and the calcium phosphate minerals of the dentine substrates, as evidenced by XPS and water contact angle measurements. Antifouling evaluations indicated that zwitterionic coating can efficiently inhibit protein adsorption (BSA, egg white, and milk, by 85%) and bacterial adhesion (by 97.1%) on dentine substrates. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments consistently indicated that the zwitterionic coating could not only induce the robust re-mineralization of dentine surfaces, but also template the extensive re-mineralization of dentine tubules to a similar level of pristine dentine. Both the antifouling properties and the re-mineralization potency are positively correlated with the content of zwitterionic pMPC in the coating copolymer. These findings may provide the zwitterionic phosphorylcholine based materials to be a promising candidate to treat dental hypersensitivity and other related dental diseases.