Issue 52, 2021

Ultrasound-assisted lipid extractions, enriched with sterols and tetranortriterpenoids, from Carapa guianensis seeds and the application of lipidomics using GC/MS

Abstract

This study describes the optimized stages of lipid extraction assisted by ultrasound to increase the concentrations of limonoids and steroids from andiroba seeds, identified as Carapa guianensis Aublet, and the lipidome analyzed by TLC and GC/MS. After boiling and peeling, crushed seeds were subjected to extractions with n-hexane (G1), acetone (G2), and methanol (G3) in an ultrasonic bath for 30 minutes at 50 °C. These extracts were analyzed by analytical TLC; aliquots of each extract and a marketable oil, used as a reference, were transesterified followed by silylation with BSTFA + 1% TMCS, and analyzed by GC/MS. The reference oil and the biomass of the seeds did not present significant differences in the profiles of free fatty acids (FFA). However, differences were observed in the profiles of tetranortriterpenoids (TnTT) (limonoids) in the seeds. Afterward, the analysis of the extracts G1, G2, and G3 detected free steroids: campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol; and limonoids: 7-deacetyl-7-oxogedunin, 6α-acetoxy-gedunin, deacetylgedunin, and epoxyacetylgedunin. The use of lipidomic techniques associated with ultrasound-assisted extraction was applied for the first time to enhance the triterpenoids and steroids, mainly in G3, describing a faster and more economical process, and allowing a one-step lipidome analysis of the andiroba seeds.

Graphical abstract: Ultrasound-assisted lipid extractions, enriched with sterols and tetranortriterpenoids, from Carapa guianensis seeds and the application of lipidomics using GC/MS

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
20 Jun 2021
Accepted
30 Aug 2021
First published
08 Oct 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2021,11, 33160-33168

Ultrasound-assisted lipid extractions, enriched with sterols and tetranortriterpenoids, from Carapa guianensis seeds and the application of lipidomics using GC/MS

A. Silva dos Reis, A. S. Santos and J. Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves, RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 33160 DOI: 10.1039/D1RA04776K

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