Bio-energy conversion with carbon capture and utilization (BECCU): integrated biomass fermentation and chemo-catalytic CO2 hydrogenation for bioethanol and formic acid co-production

Abstract

We present an integrated process for in situ CO₂ hydrogenation during bioethanol production by combining bio- and chemocatalysis. The biphasic catalytic system used comprises an aqueous whole-cell fermentation broth and a tailored organometallic catalyst in the organic phase. Glucose is converted to ethanol, and the by-product CO₂ is simultaneously upgraded to formic acid in a single reactor unit. Under the optimized conditions, 26% of the generated CO₂ was hydrogenated directly.