Fabrication of an immunosensor for quantitative detection of breast cancer biomarker UBE2C

Abstract

This work reports the design of a new electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor for the direct determination of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes 2C (UBE2C), a potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer. The immunosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the capture anti-UBE2C antibody onto a polyaniline (PANI) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) through glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The assembly process of the immunosensor was examined using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The fabricated immunosensor enabled the detection of recombinant human UBE2C in the range of 500 pg mL⁻¹ to 5 μg mL⁻¹. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 7.907 pg mL⁻¹ and 26.356 pg mL⁻¹, respectively. The diagnostic application of the fabricated immunosensor was explored for the analysis of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cell extract. The immunosensor demonstrated high selectivity for UBE2C. The fabricated immunosensor also exhibited good reproducibility and storage stability.