Nitrogen-doped carbon dots derived from electrospun carbon nanofibers for Cu(ii) ion sensing

Abstract

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots were facilely synthesized via the chemical breakdown of electrospun polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers. The results of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the prepared N-doped carbon dots with a relatively narrow size distribution exhibited abundant C, N, and O containing functional groups. In the meantime, aqueous N-doped carbon dots exhibited excitation-dependent photoluminescence. Moreover, due to the quenching effect induced by the strong coordination interaction between the Cu²⁺ ions and the surface functional groups of the obtained N-doped carbon dots, an efficient fluorescent sensing platform was developed to detect Cu²⁺ ions, showing high sensitivity and selectivity to Cu²⁺ ions with a detection limit of 5 nM in the linear range of 0–10 μM. This work has provided a simple and effective approach for fabricating N-doped carbon dots as a promising fluorescent material for heavy metal sensing.