Gd(iii) complexes intercalated into hydroxy double salts as potential MRI contrast agents

Abstract

The ion exchange intercalation of two Gd-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents into hydroxy double salts (HDSs) is reported. The presence of Gd³⁺ diethylenetriaminepentaacetate and Gd³⁺ diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonate) complexes in the HDS lattice after intercalation was confirmed by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The structural aspects of the HDS-Gd composites were studied by X-ray diffraction, with the intercalates having an interlayer spacing of 14.5–18.6 Å. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic vibration peaks associated with the Gd³⁺ complexes in the intercalation compounds. The proton relaxivities of the Gd³⁺ complex-loaded composites were 2 to 5-fold higher in longitudinal relaxivity, and up to 10-fold higher in transverse relaxivity, compared to solutions of the pure complexes. These data demonstrate that the new composites reported here are potentially potent MRI contrast agents.