Hollow cobalt phosphonate spherical hybrid as high-efficiency Fenton catalyst

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid of cobalt phosphonate hollow nanostructured spheres were prepared in a water–ethanol system through a mild hydrothermal process in the absence of any templates using diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) as bridging molecule. SEM, TEM and N₂ sorption characterization confirmed a hollow spherical micromorphology with well-defined porosity. The structure and chemical states of the hybrid materials were investigated by FT-IR, XPS and thermogravimetric analysis, revealing the homogeneous integrity of inorganic and organic units inside the network. As a heterogeneous catalyst, hollow cobalt phosphonate material exhibited considerable catalytic oxidizing decomposition of methylene blue with sulfate radicals as compared to cobalt phosphonate nanoparticles synthesized in single water system, which could be attributed to enhanced mass transfer and high surface area for the hollow material. Some operational parameters, including pH and reaction temperature, were found to influence the oxidation process. The present results suggest that cobalt phosphonate material can perform as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of organic contaminants, providing insights into the rational design and development of alternative catalysts for wastewater treatment.