Fast TiO2-catalyzed direct amidation of neat carboxylic acids under mild dielectric heating

Abstract

The development of green protocols for amide bond formation is a major socioeconomic goal for chemical and pharmaceutical industries and an important challenge for academic research. We herein report a protocol for the quantitative conversion of carboxylic acids and amines to form amides at 100 °C in the presence of a TiO₂ powder catalyst, under monomodal microwave irradiation. The sustainability of the process appears to be augmented by the ease with which the catalyst is recycled.